先秦和古希腊体系化语言研究发端.docVIP

先秦和古希腊体系化语言研究发端 　　编者按:语言哲学的建构和发展离不开国外理论和方法的引进和诠释,而引进和诠释有多种方法。本期刊发的李志强和王永祥先生的文章给我们提供了引进与诠释的对比维度; 郅友昌先生、王建兰以及易立新三位先生的文章则以某一独特学派或者学说作为自己引进与诠释的对象。中国语言哲学要发展,就需要多维度、多视点构成的“百家争鸣、百花齐放”。 　　 　　提 要:《尔雅》和Τ??AεG1?＆枝挺? Γραμματικ??AηG1?Ｗ魑?先秦和希腊的首部语言学著作,标志着古汉语和古希腊语语言研究体系化的发端。这两部著作的产生反映了人类语言认识过程的共性规律,标志着语言研究新阶段的开始。虽然二者在产生时间上具有对应性,但在体系化特点上存在着很大的差别。两部著作问世之前都经历了一个语言观念的酝酿期。先秦的墨家、名家和荀子,古希腊的智者学派、柏拉图、亚里士多德和斯多葛学派等人的语言观虽然没有发展成体系,但都分别为这个体系化过程进行了准备和铺垫,是最终形成两部语言研究著作差异的原因。 　　关键词:《尔雅》;Τ??AεG1?＆枝挺? Γραμματικ??AηG1??;体系化;语言研究 　　中图分类号:B089 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-0100(2010)04-0014-7 　　 　　The Beginning of Systematically Linguistic Study in Pre-Qin Ancient Greece 　　― ErYa Τ??AεG1?＆枝挺? Γραμματικ??AηG1?? (Art of Grammar) 　　Li Zhi-qiang 　　(Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China) 　　The emergence of ErYa and Τ??AεG1?＆枝挺? Γραμματικ??AηG1??, as the first linguistic works of Pre-Qin and Ancient Greek period, symbolizes the beginning of systematical studying of ancient Chinese and Greek languages. The appearance of these two linguistic works, which marks the beginning of a new stage in linguistic studying, illustrates the cognitive similarity in the history of language studying. Despite of the parallelism between them in their occurring time, these two works differ significantly in their systematizing features. Both works owe much to their previous linguistic views respectively, such as the linguistic views of Mojia, Mingjia and Xunzi in Pre-Qin period, and of Sophists, Plato, Aristotle and Stoicisms in Ancient Greek period. Not fully systematized, these views finally led to the difference between these two linguistic works thanks to their distinctively cognitive and analytical tendency. 　　Key words: ErYa; Τ??AεG1?＆枝挺? Γραμματικ??AηG1??; systematization; linguistic study 　　 　　1引言 　　 　　 《尔雅》和Τ??AεG1?＆枝挺? Γραμματικ??AηG1??(Art of Grammar)是在先秦和古希腊时期出现的两部语言研究专著,它们在形成时间和意义上具有相似性。《尔雅》成书于战国中后期到西汉初年之间,也就是公元前3世纪至前1世纪之间。Τ??AεG1?＆枝挺? Γραμματικ??AηG1?３墒橛诠?元前1世纪左右,作者是亚历山大里亚学派(Alexandrian)的Dionysius