基于公共产品供给理论地方政府投资制度改革.docVIP

基于公共产品供给理论地方政府投资制度改革 　　[摘要]政府投资主要是提供公共产品,但仅由政府提供会出现不经济。公共产品的内涵分析也表明私人是可以供给公共产品的,但要解决公共产品外部性问题。以城市轨道交通投资为例分析,发现通过外部收益内部化我国香港地铁实现了盈利,内地政府借鉴其经验,大力引进社会资金投资地铁,减轻了资金压力,提高了投资的效率。这表明通过分析投资对象特点和制度安排是能够改变当前政府投资制度的,即社会资金是愿意进入公共产品供给的,政府是可以从某些领域退出的。 　　[关键词]公共产品;供给;地方政府;投资 　　[[[[中图分类号]][F062.6][[文献标识码]][A][[文章编号]][1002-736X(2010)08-0026-04]]] 　　 　　The Reform of the Local Government Investment Regime 　　Based on the Supply Theory of Public Goods 　　―Take the Urban Rail Transit Investment as an Example 　　Mi Wentong 　　(Economic and Trade Institute, Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management, Zhengzhou, Henan 450015) 　　 　　Abstract: Government investment mainly provides public goods, but it is inefficiency only provided by government, such as the local government investment gives rise to inefficient and debt-burdened and so on. The content of public goods also shows that private sector is able to supply public goods, provided that we solve the external problems of public goods. Take the case of the urban rail transit investments, we find Hong Kong subway investment achieves a profit through the internalization of externalities, and currently the interior local government take examples from Hong Kong, vigorously introduce social capital into subway investments. It greatly reduces the pressure on government funds and improves the investment efficiency. This shows that it is feasible to change the current system of government investment by analyzing the characteristics of the investment target and institutional arrangements, namely that social capital is willing to enter the supply of public goods, and the government can withdraw from certain areas. 　　Key words: public goods; supply; local government; investment 　　 　　一、地方政府投资现状分析 　　 　　我国经济在改革开放后保持三十多年的高速增长,这与政府的大量投资密切相关,其中地方政府功不可没。按隶属关系,以固定资产投资为例,地方政府投资的总量和所占比例一路攀升,从2001年的2.34146万亿元,占比78.0%,跃升至2005年的6.59841万亿元,占比87.9%,年平均增幅达到29.8%,远远超过同期中央政府8.4%的年平均增幅。又如2008年底,为应对金融危机,中央政府加大投资计划,设想拉动地方和社会投资规模达到4万亿的目标,结果各地公布的固定