宁夏设施番茄连年高强度种植下对土壤特性影响.docVIP

宁夏设施番茄连年高强度种植下对土壤特性影响 　　摘要：通过设施连作高强度种植与开放和半开放式的大田和阳畦种植模式相比较，探究设施土壤连作模式下，土壤养分、重金属、微量元素以及微生物区系组成变化，明确连作模式对土壤细菌和真菌群落多样性以及土壤中细菌真菌优势菌群的影响。结果表明，连作高强度种植条件下土壤中各种离子含量发生了很大的变化，其中温室钠离子和氯离子含量与大田和阳畦地相比有所降低，而钾离子、钙离子和碳酸氢根离子含量相比大田和阳畦地增高。温室连年高强度的种植使土壤微生物数量明显高于大田和阳畦地土壤中微生物的数量，连年种植对土壤微生物影响也比较明显，降低了细菌群落多样性而提高了真菌群落多样性，温室高强度的种植降低了土壤蛋白酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性，提高了土壤脱氢酶的活性。温室高强度的种植导致土壤养分的大量积累，尤其是磷素的积累更为严重；对土壤中重金属含量的影响也比较明显，其中对铬和汞的含量影响最大。同时，温室土壤中有效铜和有效锌含量高出阳畦地和大田10倍以上。因此，设施种植要减少连作，合理的轮作使设施土壤长期有效的发展。 　　关键字：高强度种植；设施土壤；土壤化学特征；微生物特征；酶活性 　　中图分类号：S606.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）04-0838-06 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.04.007 　　Effect of High-intensity Growing Conditions Year after Year on 　　Soil Properties in Ningxia 　　LIU Yong-liang，GAO Yan-ming，LI Jian-she，ZHANG Xue-yan 　　（Agriculture College Ningxia University， Yinchuan 750021， China） 　　Abstract： Compared the planting pattern of high strength continuous cropping in facilities with open and semi open planting in field and cold frame，researched composition change of soil nutrients， heavy metals， trace elements and microbial flora under the continuous cropping pattern of facilities，confirmed the influence of continuous cropping pattern on soil bacterial and fungal community diversity as well as the dominant bacteria in soil. The results showed that， even at high intensity for planting soil conditions， great changes occurred in the various ion content， including greenhouse sodium ions and chloride ion content compared with the field and cold frame to be reduced， the content of potassium ions， calcium ions and carbonate hydrogen ion increased that compared to the field and cold frame and higher. Microbial number in soil after high-intensity continuous cropping in greenhouse was significantly higher than the number of field and cold frame soil microorganisms. The high strength of the greenhouse decreased the activity of protease， urease and invertase， and increased the activity of dehydrogenase in soil. The high intensity of the planting of