城乡统筹背景下失地农民养老保险分析--以山东省部分城市为例-analysis of old - age insurance for landless farmers under the background of urban and rural overall planning - a case study of some cities in shandong province.docxVIP
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城乡统筹背景下失地农民养老保险分析--以山东省部分城市为例-analysis of old - age insurance for landless farmers under the background of urban and rural overall planning - a case study of some cities in shandong province
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摘要
摘 要
改革开放以来,我国的城市化和工业化取得了巨大成就,然而农业在我国仍 然占有基础性的地位,农村人口在总人口中仍然占大多数,全国第六次人口普查 数据显示,居住在农村的人口为6.7414亿,占总人口的半数以上。当前,我国的 城市化和工业化进程加快,城市建设和工业用地需求量大增,随之而来的是被征 用土地和失地农民数量的迅速增长,据有关数据显示,全国失地农民数量2011 年时已超过5000万,2020年时这一数据将达到1亿。失地农民原有的自给自足的 生活方式使农民拥有独立生存、持续发展和自我养老的能力,土地被征收后的农 民,不仅仅是失去了土地,还失去了居住条件、就业岗位和养老保险。农民失地 后当时的生活水平不确定性增加,导致其就业和养老的能力一定会迅速下降;并 且失地农民较少或不能享受土地用途转变后的土地增值,其养老又不能与城市居 民同步共轨,这就造成失地农民原有自我保险能力的下降与失地后生活成本上升 的矛盾。虽然失地农民“被城市化”后当时的损失得到一定程度的补偿,甚至短期 内个别失地农民的生活水平还得到提高,但是其长远的养老风险却越来越大。将 失地农民的养老保险纳入统一的规划中,纳入统筹城乡经济社会的政策中,是化 解这一矛盾的长效机制。
统筹城乡经济社会发展是新形势下解决“三农”问题的根本途径,是全面建成 小康社会的重大举措。失地农民是农村农民向城市居民的过渡,失地农民的养老 保险也应成为统筹城乡居民养老保险的纽带。本文以城乡统筹为背景,以山东省 为例,以问卷调查为主要方法,分析土地征用后对农民带来的影响,试图发现土 地流转过程中对失地农民权益的合理补偿方式,深入研究失地农民可采取的养老 方式,探索失地农民养老保险的可行道路。将失地农民养老保险作为统筹城乡居 民养老保险的桥梁,使农村农民的自我养老与城市居民的现代养老平稳相通,使 失地农民在当前利益得到满足的同时获得更加长远的养老保险,使失地农民“被 城市化”后短期生活水平提高与远期养老能力下降不再冲突,使社会政策的设计 在体现效率的同时更加注重公平,让城市居民、农村农民、失地农民共同享受统 筹城乡政策所带来的经济、社会一体化成果。
Abstract
关键词:城乡统筹 失地农民 养老保险
Abstract
Since the reform and opening up, Chinese urbanization and industrialization has made great achievements, however, farming in our country still has the foundational status, and still account for most of the rural population In the total population, the sixth national population census data shows that living in rural population of 674.14 million, accounting for more than half of the total population. At present, our countrys urbanization and industrialization process accelerated, and there is growing demand for industrial land, urban construction land requisitioned shall be followed and the rapid growth of the number of land-lost farmers, according to relevant data show that the number of land-lost farmers in 2011 has exceeded 2011, this figure will reach 100 million in 2020. Land-lost farmers original self-sufficient way of life that farmers have independent survival and sustainable development and the ability of self endowment, land expropriated farmers, not only lost their land, also lost their living condition
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