库尔勒香梨组织培养研究.docVIP

库尔勒香梨组织培养研究 　　摘 要：香梨果实肉质细腻，酸甜可口，是我国重要的出口创汇农产品之一。目前，香梨普遍存在坐果率低、产量不稳定的问题，通过组织培养进行遗传转化改良性状是当前果树高效育种的重要策略。本试验以库尔勒香梨茎段萌发的嫩芽为材料，通过离体组织培养，研究0.1%HgCl2溶液消毒时间对外植体灭菌效果和褐化的影响，并探讨了适宜的增殖培养基和生根培养基配方。结果表明，库尔勒香梨组织培养过程中，0.1%HgCl2消毒的适宜时间为5 min；适宜的增殖培养基为MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L IBA+1.5 mg/L GA3；适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.05 g/L AC+1.0 mg/L IBA。 　　关键词：库尔勒香梨；芽；组织培养；消毒时间；增殖；生根 　　中图分类号：S661.204+.3文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）05-0009-05 　　Abstract Korla fragrant pear has soft flesh and delicious flavor， which is one of the important agricultural exports of China. While， there are problems of low fruit setting rate and unstable yield of Korla fragrant pear. Improving the productivity traits of fruit tree by genetic transformation based on tissue culture is a significant method for high efficiency breeding. In this paper， the in vitro tissue culture method of Korla fragrant pear was established using tender buds as explants. The effects of disinfection time of 0.1% HgCl2 solution on sterilizing effect and browning of explants were studied and the optimum multiplication medium and rooting medium were explored. The results showed that during the tissue culture process of Korla fragrant pear， the optimum disinfection time of 0.1% HgCl2 was 5 minutes； the optimum multiplication medium was MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L IBA+1.5 mg/L GA3； and the optimum rooting medium was 1/2MS+0.05 g/L AC+1.0 mg/L IBA. 　　Key words Korla fragrant pear； Bud； Tissue culture； Disinfection time； Multiplication； Rooting 　　库尔勒香梨属蔷薇科梨属中的白梨系统，是新疆名优特果树之一[1]，其果实肉质细腻，酸甜可口，已成为我国重要的出口创汇农产品之一[2]。库尔勒香梨主要分布于巴州地区的库尔勒市及轮台县、尉犁县等地，截至2010年，仅库尔勒市香梨种植面积就已达4.7万公顷[3]。目前，香梨普遍存在坐果率低、产量不稳定的问题，因此选育稳产高产的优良品种成为亟待解决的问题。但常规育种预见性差、周期长、效率较低[4]，利用遗传转化改良性状是当前果树高效育种的重要策略，而组织培养再生体系的建立为有效遗传转化奠定了基础。有关梨组织培养方面的研究较多。李晓刚等[5]以豆梨茎段为外植体，探讨了4种基本培养基及6-BA、NAA不同配比对豆梨组织培养增殖率的影响，发现其适宜的增殖培养基为MS+0.6 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA，适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+1.5 mg/L IBA。韩文璞等[6]以黄金梨二年生植株春梢为试材，得到适宜的不定芽诱导培养基为AS+1.5～2.0 mg/L 6-BA，适宜的增殖培养基为ASH+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L IBA （或IAA）+500 mg/L AC。赵雪慧等[7]则以无子刺梨枝条