注意稳定性对视 听工作记忆广度的影响-effects of attention stability on visual listening working memory span.docxVIP

摘 要 本文在简要回顾注意和工作记忆的研究历程以及理论模型的基础上，从注意稳定性 的高低去研究工作记忆的差异，即注意稳定性高低对视觉、听觉工作记忆广度的影响以 及视觉、听觉工作记忆广度哪个更容易受注意稳定性的影响。研究结论支持个体工作记 忆广度差异的控制性注意和抑制能力模型。 实验一 注意稳定性对视觉工作记忆广度的影响，探讨注意稳定性高低组在计算工 作记忆广度和空间工作记忆广度上是否存在差异；实验二 注意稳定性对听觉工作记忆 广度的影响，探讨注意稳定性高低组在听觉工作记忆广度上是否存在差异；整理两个实 验的数据，构成一个新的 2×3 的混合实验设计，继而进一步探讨视、听工作记忆广度 哪个更易受注意稳定性的影响。 通过两个实验研究得到了如下结论： 第一 注意稳定性对工作记忆广度产生影响，注意稳定性高低组之间在视觉工作记 忆广度存显著差异；计算工作记忆广度任务和空间工作记忆广度任务在稳定性高低组上 均有显著差异；与空间工作记忆广度相比，计算工作记忆广度更能解释视觉工作记忆广 度的差异。 第二 注意稳定性高低组在听觉工作记忆广度上存在极显著差异，即注意的稳定性 越高，听觉工作记忆广度越大。 第三 与听觉工作记忆广度相比,视觉工作记忆广度更易受注意稳定性的影响。 关键词：注意稳定性，视觉工作记忆，听觉工作记忆 I Abstract In this paper,Based on a brief review of the research attention and working memory process and the theoretical model,to study the differences of working memory between the level of the stability of attention.Specifically:How does the different levels of stability of attention affect the visual, auditory working memory span,and which one can be affected easily on visual,auditory working memory.Conclusions of the study support the individual differences on working memory span model of controlled attention and inhibition capacity. Experiment 1 how do the different levels of stability of attention affect visual working memory span. To study if there were differences on the spatial working memory and arithmetic working memory on the different levels of the stability of attention. Experiment 2 how do the different levels of stability of attention affect auditory working memory span.To study if there were differences on the auditory working memory span on the different levels of stability of attention. Discusse the results of the two experiments , then came to conclusion as follows: The stability of attention affected the working memory span. There were significant differences on visual working memory span between the group of high stability of attention and the group of low stability of attention.There all were significant differences that is on the task of arithmetic working memory span and spatial working me