药食兼用饲料添加剂对奶牛产奶量及奶品质影响.docVIP

药食兼用饲料添加剂对奶牛产奶量及奶品质影响 　　摘要：为了解决牛奶中抗生素、农药残留超标问题，提高奶牛产奶量及奶品质，选用萝卜缨与胡萝卜、山药等多种药食兼用食物提取物组成的饲料添加剂添加至奶牛日粮中分组饲喂，称量产奶量，测定牛奶品质指标。结果显示，药食兼用饲料添加剂稳定冬季奶牛产奶量，且添加比例越高，效果越显著；降低生鲜乳体细胞数，一定程度提高生鲜乳中脂肪、真蛋白、乳糖含量，且添加1.5%药食兼用饲料添加剂效果更明显。因此，此药食兼用饲料添加剂可代替抗生素，提高奶牛免疫性能，改善奶品质。 　　关键词：药食兼用饲料添加剂；奶牛；产奶量；奶品质 　　中图分类号：S823.9+15文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2015）05-0099-03 　　Effects of Medicinal and Edible Feed 　　Additive on Cow Milk Production and Quality 　　Zhang Xiao，Wang Xuerui，Yang Liyi，Wang Huanxin，Qiu Fawu，Li Guifeng* 　　（Shandong Lvyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute， Zhucheng 262200，China） 　　AbstractIn order to solve the problems of excessive antibiotics and pesticide residues in milk and increase the milk production and quality， the extract from carrot， Chinese yam and radish leaves were added into the cows’ diet. The milk production was weighed and the milk quality indicators were determined. The results showed that with the medicinal and edible feed additives， the milk production in winter was steadied， and the more significant effect obtained with the more additive proportion； the somatic cell counts of milk were reduced significantly， but the contents of fat， protein and lactose were improved in a certain extent ，and the effect was more obvious with 1.5% additives. Therefore， the medicinal and edible feed additives could replace the antibiotics for improving the cows’ immune ability and the quality of milk. 　　Key wordsMedicinal and edibe feed additive； Cow； Milk production； Milk quality 　　奶类、肉类和水产品等是人们每天必需的消费品，但目前食品安全存在一定问题。有些养殖户为降低风险，在饲料中盲目添加抗生素，致使畜禽疾病抵抗力变差，发生疫病时，不得不加大用药剂量，造成恶性循环，导致疾病变种，乃至无药可医。更为严重的是，添加瘦肉精、丹顶红等有害物质，导致畜禽器官病变，产生变态反应、过敏反应、免疫抑制等问题。随着生活水平的提高、生活模式与消费观念的改变，人们更加关注食品安全。因此研究生产无毒害、无残留、无抗生素，且营养成分活性成分高，具有防病治病效果的绿色食品，是生活所需，健康所需，社会所需，也是国内外食品的必然发展趋势。我国是果蔬生产大国，由于储藏保鲜技术相对滞后，大量资源浪费，仅潍坊地区每年有近15亿千克的萝卜缨成为垃圾，造成环境污染。 　　本研究采用萝卜缨与胡萝卜、山药等药食兼用食物提取物研制的饲料添加剂代替抗生素饲养奶牛，可对废弃萝卜缨资源综合利用，减少环境污染，也可解决牛奶中抗生素、农残超标问题，确保食品安全。 　　1材料与方法 　　1.1材料 　　1.1.1药食兼用饲料添加剂的配制萝卜缨经55℃烘干后磨成粉与胡萝卜、山药等药食兼用