对外汉语教学中的文化因素导入分析-汉语言文字学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 语言与文化相辅相成，因此学习语言必须同时学习相关的文化。近年来，在汉语教 学中同步传授汉文化内容，已经成为对外汉语教学界的共识。但是对于文化的定义，汉 语教学中需要传授的文化内容，还存在着许多争议。对外汉语教学究竟该以语言教学为 本位，还是以文化教学为本位，至今仍无定论。既然语言教学要结合文化教学已是共识， 那么该怎么结合就是迫切需要讨论的问题。 本文将对外汉语教学看作语言教学，在这个过程中的文化教学只是附属于语言教 学，不能本末倒置。对外汉语教学中的文化究竟是什么，是无所不包的人类社会物质和 精神生活的总和，还是专门为汉语言专业的外国学生开设的文化专题，还是隐含在语言 中的文化背景知识？本文将对外汉语教学中的文化内容看作影响语言学习、理解和表达 的文化因素，并将这些文化因素总结为习俗文化、心理思维文化等方面，对文化因素的 特性也作了阐述。 文化因素的导入还要遵循一定的原则，我们在对外汉语教学中要注意偏向文化，而 不是要以“文化为中心”，这样才能将文化导入纳入语言教学体系。此外，文化因素的 导入是多种多样的，我们不能局限于课文注释，不能局限于死板的说教，要敢于尝试有 趣味的、灵活的多种文化因素导入方式，以提高汉语教学的效率和外国学生理解汉语的 能力和实际交际能力。 关键词：对外汉语教学；文化；文化因素；文化导入 III III ABSTRACT Language and culture complement each other, so someone who wants to learn a foreign language must study the related culture at the same time. In recent years, it has been becoming a common view that Chinese culture must be introduced synchronously during the process of Chinese teaching. However, there are still many disputes about the definition of culture and the contents that should be introduced during the teaching. The basic unit of teaching Chinese as a foreign language is language teaching or culture teaching? There is no final conclusion. Since the combination of language teaching and culture teaching is a consensus, then how to combine them has become an urgent problem to be discussed. This paper takes the teaching activity as language teaching, cultural teaching in this process is attached to language teaching, the order cannot be reversed. What are the contents of the culture in the process of teaching Chinese as a foreign language? The sum of material and spiritual life of human society, the cultural topics created for foreign students majored in Chinese language and literature, or the background knowledge implied in Chinese language? This paper takes the culture as cultural factors which affect language learning , understanding and expression. And these cultural factors can be summed up as custom culture, mental culture and other aspects. Besides, the characteristics of cult