对民事诉讼发回重审制度的法律思考-法律·民事诉讼法学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 本文以中部某省会城区法院为主要调研对象，结合其他法院的一些基本情况， 参照有关文献数据，以实证分析的方法，从发回重审的比率、发回重审的事由、发 回重审的运作情况、发回重审制度的运行效果四个方面探寻现行发回重审制度存在 的问题。追溯上述问题产生的根源，认为主要是在立法理念上存在误区，赋予发回 重审制度不应有的价值功能；在制度设置上，存在发回重审的范围不确定，发回重 审的程序缺乏稳定性，发回重审的标准不科学，发回重审的规定存在漏洞等缺陷。 对于重构民事诉讼发回重审制度，提出八个方面的建议：取消“原判认定事实错误 或认定事实不清、证据不足”的标准；对违反法定程序的案件，按“无害性原则” 进行审查后，决定是否发回重审；以列举的形式明确发回重审的情形；引进当事人 自决机制；建立发回重审案件重审程序中当事人增加、变更诉讼请求和反诉禁止制 度以及“禁止反言”制度；取消再审中的发回重审程序；建立发交重审与发回重审 并存的制度；规范二审发回重审的操作程序。 关键词：发回重审 立法理念 制度设置 II II Abstract Based on the investigation and study on a provincial capital court in the central China, combined with some of the basic situation of other courts, in the light of the relevant literature data, through the analysis of evidence, this paper has been searching for the existing problems of current remand system from four perspectives of the remand rate, the remand matter, the remand operation and the remand running effect. The root causes of the above-mentioned problems are mainly because of the legislation conception misunderstanding of the remand system which had been endow with undue value and function, the defects of system design such as the Instability of the remand procedure, the uncertainty of the remand scope, the unscientific of the remand standards, the loopholes in the provisions of the remand, and so on. For the civil reconstruction of remand system, this paper put forward eight proposals: to abolish the remand standard which is the cognizance facts of original sentence are error or unclear, lack of evidence”; to review according to the principle of sound before deciding whether to remand for cases in violation of legal procedures; in the form of list to clear the remand matter; to introduce mechanisms for parties self-determination; to establish the retrial system such as changes and increase in claims, the prohibition of counterclaim, the “estoppels”; to cancel the remand for retrial during the retrial proceedings; to make the remand for retrial system and the reference of remand co-exist; to s