柴油自卸车喷油系统的仿真分析-车辆工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 自卸车大都以柴油机做动力，正在作业的自卸车，如果转速突然失控，措施失 灵，不能迅速制止，随着机身的剧烈振动，随时都可能发生柴油机损坏，伤害人身 的重大事故。柴油机失控的可能性虽然很小，但无法完全避免。 为了研究和评价加装电磁阀断油的柴油自卸车喷油系统的性能，分析确立了这 种改进的喷油系统的数学模型，利用 HYDSIM 建立了该系统的仿真模型，通过计算 机仿真获得了柴油机转速失控时的油喷射率。结果表明：转速失控 13.75 ms 时燃油 喷射率下降为零，比原系统提早 7.5 ms 停止燃油喷射。在此基础上，分析得出了电 磁阀参数对系统的影响：电磁阀阀芯质量变化对系统响应时间影响不大，增大电磁 阀弹簧刚度可以缩短响应时间，电磁阀阀口直径与高压喷油泵入油口直径相同时响 应最快。研究表明，该系统能有效控制柴油机自卸车转速失控，合理确定电磁阀的 参数能明显提高柴油自卸车的运行安全和使用寿命。 合理选择和正确设计柴油自卸车喷油系统的断油电磁阀，根据电磁阀的结构特 点，建立了在自卸车出现转速失控时喷油系统断油时间最短的目标函数，对断油电 磁阀的阀芯质量、弹簧刚度、线圈匝数、工作气隙、阀芯举升高度进行优化，优化 得出断油电磁阀的最佳动态响应参数，并利用 HYDSIM 分析了优化前后喷油系统的 响应特性。结果表明：断油电磁阀参数优化后的喷油系统比优化前的系统的响应时 间减小了 5.59 ms，能更有效地控制柴油机自卸车转速失控，明显提高柴油自卸车的 运行安全和使用寿命。 关键词：柴油自卸车；转速失控；喷油系统；HYDSIM；仿真分析 - I - II II Abstract Most of the diesel dump truck whose speed suddenly went out of control,if it can not be quickly stopped, with the intense vibration of the fuselage, engine may be destroyed at any time, a major personal injury accident. Although the possibility of uncontrolled diesel engine is small, but can not be completely avoided. In order to study and evaluate a injection system of a diesel dump truck with a additional cut-off fuel-supply electromagnetic valve, mathematical models of the improved injection system are established by analysis, a simulative model of this system is established by using HYDSIM software, and the injection rate of the diesel engine is obtained when its speed is out of control through a computer simulation. The results indicate that the fuel injection rate drop to zero when the time of rotational speed runaway turn out to 13.75 ms, the system is earlier time of 7.5 ms than the original system for stopping oil. Based on this, influences of electromagnetic valve parameters on the injection system are obtained by analysis: the mass changes have little effect on response time of system, the increased stiffness of electromagnetic valve can shorten the response time, time responded is most quickly when the diameter of the throttle hole is the same as the diameter of fuel inlet