反射不对称相对论平均场理论对原子核八极形变和裂变的研究-理论物理专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 本文利用反射不对称相对论平均场(RAS-RMF)理论，简述了 RAS-RMF 的理论框架和描述原子核的计算方法。然后利用 RAS-RMF 理论对 142,144,146Ba、 146Ce、Ra 同位素、256,258Fm 和 226Th 等原子核进行了系统研究，取得了一些具有 重要意义的结果，主要如下： 利用 RAS-RMF 理论系统研究了 142,144,146Ba、146Ce、Ra 同位素的基态性质和 形状演化规律，计算的结合能和形变等与实验结果一致。计算给出的中子（质子） 密度分布，清晰展现出 142,144,146Ba、146Ce 和偶偶 Ra 同位素的形状演化规律，146Ba 和 146Ce 的反射不对称结构，和 Ra 同位素由近球形转变为明显的八极形变，再 到四极形变的转化过程。同时也发现了 Ra 同位素的 β3 值随着中子数的增加而减 小，说明 Ra 同位素的八极形变不稳定性，与实验上观测的八极形变不稳定现象 相一致。本文还利用反射不对称相对论平均场理论研究了 256,258Fm 和 226Th 的裂 变现象，描述了密度分布随两裂变子核距离变化的过程，裂变能随形变变化的位 能曲线，以及原子核的等分裂变过程，与其它理论以及实验结果一致。研究结果 表明反射不对称平均场理论可以很好地描述具有八极形变的原子核结构和 256,258Fm、226Th 的裂变现象。 关键词：反射不对称相对论平均场理论 八极形变 裂变 Abstract In the paper, we have sketched the theoretical framework of the Reflection Asymmetric Relativistic Mean Field (RAS-RMF) theory and introduced the numerical techniques to solve the relativistic equations of motion. By using the theoretical approach, we have presented a systemic investigation on the properties for 142,144,146Ba,146Ce and Ra isotopes, together with the 256,258Fm and 226Th nuclei. We have applied RAS-RMF theory to investigate the properties of ground states and shape evolution for 142,144,146Ba,146Ce、Ra isotopes.The calculated binding energies and deformations are excellently consistent with experimental data. The neutron (proton) density distributions clearly show the evolution of deformation for 142,144,146Ba,146Ce and Ra isotopes, and the asymmetric structure for 146Ba 和 146Ce. In particular, RAS-RMF theory provides the neutron and proton densities which show clearly the shape evolution of these nuclei from nearly spherical to well-developed octupole and finally back to quadrupole deformation shapes. This is in accordance with experimental observation. The RAS-RMF theory predicts 146Ba and 146Ce are octupole deformed nuclei, which is in acordance with the experimental data. We have studied the fission of 256,258Fm and 226Th, and presented the potential energy surface varying with the quadruple deformations and hex