从督抚制度的演变看明代中央与地方的关系-专门史专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要 中央与地方关系是中国历代统治者很重视的一个问题，历代都有经验教训。 本文在回溯明以前中央与地方关系的基础上，重点论述明代历朝为巩固统治、加 强皇权，在地方三司行政体系上派总督巡抚巡视地方并演变为地方实际大员，形 成独具特色的督抚制度，加强和调整了中央与地方的关系。 终明之世，督抚在宣德年间始设到嘉靖渐为定制，督抚制度经历了产生、 发展及紊乱的过程，其间权力也从弱到强，作用也相应增大，呈现出由弱到强再 到弱的变化规律，本文试图通过对督抚权力和作用的变化引起中央与地方关系变 化的研究，从中分析明王朝的政治的特点。 本文以唯物史观为指导，充分利用明代的典籍、史料和前人的研究成果， 以实事求是的科学研究态度，对督抚制度的产生、发展、权力变化作出较为全面 的分析和考察，从而对明朝的督抚制度和明代中央与地方关系有一个较为清晰的 认识。 关键词：督抚制度 演变 明代 中央与地方关系 协调 制衡 Probing the Relationship Between Central and Local Governments from Evolution of Governors and Circuit Inspectors’ System in Ming Dynasty Abstract The relationship between central and local government is a problem that the rulers in Chinese history paid much more attention to, which there is much experience and lesson. On the basis of looking back at the relationship between central and local governments before the Ming dynasty, the dissertation will focus on expounding that rulers of Ming dynasty appointed governors and circuit inspectors inspecting area in order to consolidate rule and strengthen the imperial power on the basis of local three Divisions administration system and they became actual local official, forming a characteristics governors and circuit inspectors system. As a result, consolidating and adjusting the relationship between central and local governments. Throughout the whole Ming Dynasty, governors and circuit inspector began to be appointed at XuanDe’years and customized in JiaJing’years. Governors and circuit inspector system had experienced the process of formation, development and disturbance, during which their power from the weak to strong, the role would also magnify accordingly, presenting law of from weak to strong finally re-weak. This article attempts to analyze Ming Dynasty’s politics through a study of rise and fall of the relationship between central and local governments as the changes of power and the role of the governor and circuit inspector causing. Based on historical materialism as a guide, the article takes full adva