设施蔬菜耗水时空特征及水敏感期的研究.docVIP

设施蔬菜耗水时空特征及水敏感期的研究 　　摘要：在天津武清区以田间小区试验进行了设施蔬菜土壤耗水时空特征和水分亏缺敏感性研究。分别在黄瓜苗期（定植后缓苗期）、初花期、初瓜期、盛瓜期等生育期的其中一个生育期灌溉常规水量的50%、75%，其余生育期恢复到常规灌水量，分层监测土壤含水量和黄瓜产量。结果表明，在土壤质地黏重的滨海地区设施条件下，不论是灌溉常规水量50%的处理，还是灌溉常规水量75%的处理，其田间耗水量均以黄瓜盛瓜期较大，而且以苗期减少灌水处理的田间耗水量最高；田间耗水强度以盛瓜期较高，黄瓜苗期、初花期缺水会增加盛瓜期的耗水强度；黄瓜定植后的苗期水分亏缺敏感指数最大，其次是初花期，而初瓜和盛瓜期为负值。苗期和初花期缺水对黄瓜产量影响较大，初瓜期、盛瓜期适当减少灌水定额对产量影响较小。 　　关键词：设施蔬菜；水分亏缺敏感指数；灌溉；耗水量；耗水强度；滨海地区 　　中图分类号：S63 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）03-0595-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.03.012 　　Abstract： Field experiments were conducted in Tianjin Wuqing district to study spatial and temporal characteristics of soil water consumption and water deficit sensitivity of facility vegetables. 50% or 75% of conventional amount water in one of five growth stage of cucumber， including planting stage， initially flowering stage， initially fruiting stage， picking stage and last stage of picking， and conventional amount water in the rest growth stage were irrigated respectively， and soil moisture and yield were monitored. The results showed that the picking stage was much water consumption and water shortage in planting stage and initially flowering stage increased its intensity， moreover it was the most water consumption when the irrigation amount was reduced at planting stage， under the heavy clay soil condition in coastal area. Water deficit sensitivity index at planting stage was the greatest， followed by the initially flowering stage， while it was negative at initially fruiting stage and picking stage. Cucumber yield was greatly impacted by lacking water both in planting stage and initially flowering stage， while was less impacted by properly reducing water use in initially fruiting stage or picking stage. 　　Key words：facility vegetables；water deficit sensitivity index；irrigation；water consumption；consumption intensity；Coastal areas 　　近几年设施农业发展迅速，以天津为例，据统计，截至2012年底天津市设施农业面积累计达到近4.33万hm2，约占蔬菜面积的40%，分布在轻度盐渍化、中度盐渍化，甚至重度盐渍化土壤上，其面积还在扩大，这些地区没有可利用的地表淡水[1-6]，均依赖紧缺的深层地下淡水，保护地或设施农业1年灌溉需用