超疏水表面的制备及其对不同表面张力液体选择性分离的研究-高分子化学与物理专业论文.docx

上海交通大学硕士学位论文 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 PAGE PAGE 2 液体。所制备的超疏水滤纸不但可以选择性地去除水面上漂浮的油，而且可以选择性地吸 附乳液中乳化的油滴。超疏水滤纸对辛烷、柴油等非极性溶剂具有很强的吸附能力，吸附 量可达到达 2-3.4g/g。由于选择透过性，超疏水滤纸用于油水分离，具有 96％～98％的油 水分离效率，并且可以降低油中的水含量。此外，该超疏水滤纸还可以用来部分吸取乙醇- 水混溶体系和异丙醇-水混溶体系中的低表面张力液体乙醇和异丙醇。所制备的超疏水滤纸 具有可重复使用性和稳定性，使其在除油污、油水分离和油提纯领域具有应用前景。 3．利用浸涂成膜方法制备了超疏水不锈钢滤网，在热处理温度 60℃、疏水性二氧化 硅与聚苯硫醚质量比为 1:1 的条件下，制得的滤网具有超疏水和亲油特性，水的接触角可以 达到 154°，滚落角仅有 5°，而柴油在其表面可完全铺展。该滤网可应用于油水分离，在油 水体积比大于 1：15 时，油水分离效率可以达到 94.6％以上，在油水分离领域具有实际应 用的前景。 关键词：超疏水；聚苯硫醚（PPS）；聚苯乙烯（PS）；疏水性二氧化硅（H-SiO2）； 表面张力；选择性分离 Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Applications in Selective Separation of Liquids Differing in Surface Tension ABSTRACT Wettability of a solid surface is an important property which has been applied in various fields such as lubricating and friction of machines, printing and dyeing textile, coatings and so on. Superhydrophobic surfaces typically have a water contact angle higher than 150° and a low sliding angle (10°). Because of their special surface properties, superhydrophobic surfaces can be potentially applied in diverse areas such as self-cleaning coatings, mico-fluidic devices, and friction-reduction coatings. Therefore, both academic and practical research attention has been focused on superhydrophobic surfaces. Studies have revealed that the surface wettability depends on the chemical composition and the morphology of the surface. Accordingly, various artificial superhydrophobic surfaces have been fabricated by constructing special hierarchical roughness on hydrophobic materials or modifying rough surfaces using materials with low free energy. However, most of these approaches can only be used to prepare small surface in laboratory. Meanwhile, the process is very complicated and the cost is relatively high. Especially, because the mechanical properties of the obtained surfaces are very poor, it is very difficult to employ these surfaces for practical applications. Therefore, it is crucial to develop fabrication method of large-scal