我国民族传统体育发展过程中失范成因.docVIP

我国民族传统体育发展过程中失范成因 　　摘要：通过对两个村寨社会变迁的跟踪调查，运用社会转型和失范理论，对我国民族传统体育生存现状进行了实证与理论研究。结果发现：1)我国民族传统体育失范在于社会发展过程中，因社会内部的矛盾，产生对民族传统体育约束力失效的状态。其具体表现在作用于民族传统体育上的行为目标与手段、行为目标与意义之间不够平衡，行为冲突、组织混乱、意义匮乏、核心形式丢失等方面。2)我国民族传统体育发展过程中失范的成因主要包括3个方面：社会发展的消极影响；政策性的失误；具体执行过程中的偏差。 　　关键词：体育文化；民族传统体育；民族传统体育失范；中国 　　中图分类号：G812.7文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-7116(2008)12-0092-04 　　 　　Causes for anomie in the process of development of traditional national sport in China 　　――Taking Fulu village and Pingan village for example 　　ZHENG Guo-hua1，DING Shi-yong2 　　（1.School of Physical Education，Jiangxi Normal University，Nanchang 330027，China； 　　2.Department of Physical Education，Guangdong Institute of Business，Guangzhou 510320，China） 　　 　　Abstract: By tracking and investigating social transition of two villages, and by applying theories of social transition and anomie, the authors made an empirical and theoretical study of the current state of existence of traditional national sport in China, and revealed the following findings: 1)anomie of traditional national sport in China is caused by the failure of binding force on traditional national sport, specifically embodied in such aspects as inadequate balance between behavior objectives and means acting on traditional national sport, as well as between behavior objectives and meanings, behavior conflict, organization chaos, lacking in meaning, missing of core form; 2)causes for anomie in the process of development of traditional national sport in China mainly include three aspects: negative influence of social development; policy errors; deviations in specific processes of execution. 　　Key words: sports culture；traditional national sports；anomie of traditional national sports；China 　　 　　从“失范”理论发展过程来看，“失范”概念首先由法国社会学家迪奥提出，认为“失范”是一种社会混乱状态，提出“社会失范”概念。而后杜尔凯姆[1]在分析迪奥“社会失范”的基础上，认为“失范是所有道德的对立面”和“人类行为的天性就是逾越限制，企盼不可及的目标”，提出了人的“道德失范”和“行为失范”的概念。美国社会学家默顿[2]在杜尔凯姆“失范”理论的基础上，分析了人们越轨行为的“社会根源”和“文化根源”，提出“文化失范”和“价值失范”概念。特别是现当代中西方社会学学者，将失范的范畴与内涵扩大到政治、经济、文化教育等诸多领域。“体育”本身属于一种社会文化，