典型OFDM系统中的信道估计与均衡研究及实现-通信与信息系统专业论文.docx

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 作为第四代移动通信 4G 的核心技术之一，OFDM（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 正交频分复用）技术已经成为一个研究热点。在 OFDM 系统 中，信道的衰落特性使得信道估计与均衡技术显得尤为重要。本文就 OFDM 系统 中的信道估计与均衡技术进行研究实现。 本文首先分析了无线信道的衰落效应，给出了衰落信道的统计特性，并简要 介绍了 OFDM 系统的基本原理。论文着重研究了 OFDM 系统中基于导频的信道估 计技术与均衡技术。通过分析 OFDM 系统物理层来研究各种信道估计与均衡算法， 研究了现今主流的最小二乘法算法、最小均方误差算法、离散傅里叶变换算法和 各种插值算法；并对 ZF 迫零算法和 MMSE（Minimum Mean Square Error 最小均 方误差）均衡算法进行了探索。文章给出了相关算法的性能仿真结果，并进行分 析比较。 本文在对算法研究的基础上，给出了 OFDM 系统的信道估计与均衡部分的 FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array 可编程门阵列）实现模型，对各个模块的硬 件实现方法进行了简要描述，并对实现结果进行评估。另外本文还对系统中的软 解调进行了相关的研究与实现。本文对于信道估计与均衡技术在硬件实现上具有 很好的参考价值。 关键词：信道估计 信道均衡 OFDM FPGA 硬件实现 Abstract As the core technology of the fourth generation 4G mobile communications system, OFDM has already become a hot research topic. In OFDM systems, fading channel makes the channel estimation and equalization particularly important. In this paper, We will study and implement the channel estimation and equalization of OFDM system. This paper analyses the wireless channel fading effect first,then we gives the statistical properties of the fading channel, and briefly introduces the basic principles of OFDM systems. This article focuses on the estimation and equalization techniques based on pilot. By analyzing the physical layer of OFDM system to research various channel estimation and equalization algorithm. Include of the current mainstream algorithms: least squares algorithm, the minimum mean square error algorithm, discrete Fourier transform algorithm and a variety of interpolation algorithms. We also researches the zero forcing algorithm ZF and MMSE equalization algorithm. The third part showed the simulation results of these algorithms. Based on the algorithm research, we give the FPGA implementation model of the channel estimation and equalization at the last part. This paper gives the hardware implementation of the various modules, and evaluate the results. In addition, we also show the method of soft demodulation. Above all,I hope this paper can hav