句子结构分析.docx

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 6 句子结构分析 一、词性 词性，英文叫part of speech，part主要有两个意思，一为部分，二为角色。故而判断一个词的词性就要看它在一句话当中扮演怎样的角色或作用了，当然其自身的词义也是一个重要的标准。英语的词性通常可以分为十大类： 1．名词noun: teacher, book，表示人或事物的名称。 2．代词pronoun: we, me, he。 3．数词numeral: two, fifth，表示数目或顺序。 4．动词verb: work, study, live，表示动作或状态。 5．形容词adjective: good, big, beautiful，表示人或事物的性质或状态。 6．副词adverb: fast, quickly，表示动作特征或形状特征，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词等。 7．冠词article: a, an, the，表示名词的泛指或特指，用在名词前帮助说明其词义。 8．介词preposition: in, on, by, with。用在名词、代词等前面，表示与别的词的关系。 9．连词conjunction: and, if, but，连接词、短语、句子。 10．感叹词interjection: oh, ah, wow，表示说话者的感情或口气。 词性名称可以缩写，如noun 可缩写成n.，article 缩写成art.。试试其它词类名称的缩写。 一个词的词性可以通过其词尾判断出，如以-ly结尾的词多为副词，以-ful 结尾的词多为形容词。你能判断一下单词的词尾吗？ Group 1: reader, sailor, economist, applicant, employee, librarian, action, movement, kingdom, happiness, friendship, failure, safety, difference Group 2: active, helpful, comfortable, sunny, cultural, different, Japanese Group 3: sharpen, modernize Group 4: carefully, clockwise, inward Group 5: fourteen, fifty, sixth 很多词可以用作不同的词性，如book表示“书本”时为名词，表示“预定”时为动词。 你能确定下面斜体词的词性吗？ This is the head of our school. Who headed the group? Let’s go quickly! Let me have a go! Can I look at your new watch? Take a look at my new bicycle. It’s really cool today. Cool yourself down! 词性在句子中有一定的作用，例如名词，在句子里可以作为主语、宾语等，谓语大多数由动词构成，但实际用法比较复杂。语法可以帮助我们了解带有规律性的语言现象。语法学习和词汇用法的学习应当结合起来，语法好比是骨架，词汇好比是血肉，两者是不可分割的。 词与词组合在一起可以构成短语或句子。短语是我们在学习中经常遇到的语块，可以担任句子很多成分。常见的短语类别有： 1. 介词短语：They went swimming in the river. He was in his early thirties. 2. 不定式短语：To make friend with him is foolish. He was surprised to hear the news. 3. 动名词短语：Her job is collecting rubbish. I am interested in keeping pets. 4. 现在分词短语：I saw them walking in the street. I found him dozing in class. 5. 过去分词短语：Moved by his honesty, she accepted his proposal. 6. 名词短语： She bought a bar of chocolate. Wait a minute! 7. 动词短语：I am looking forward to seeing you again. Mom has cooked the breakfast. 二、句子基本成分和结构 句子（sentence）是表达思想的基本单位。只有完整的句子才能表达完整的思想。句子由单词和词组组成，但构成时要遵循一定的规则，这就