课前预习材料(第十五次讲座用).doc

第十五次讲座课前预习材料 一般来说，除非有意强调或出于修辞的需要，英语总的倾向是尽量避免重复。因此，英语句字结构中替代和省略相当普遍。 I. 名词性替代 Electrical charges of a similar kind repel each other and those that are dissimilar attract. 相似的电荷互相排斥，不同的电荷互相吸引。 He poured into his writings all the pain of his life, the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him, and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in… 他把他人生中所有遭受的痛苦都写进了他的作品当中，包括他对中产阶级的强烈的憎恨和对这个世界将可以变得更美好的确信。 I had always wondered how the ewes knew their own lambs; now I learned that it was partly by voice, but chiefly by smell, looks not entering into it. This is why, when a lamb runs up to feed, the mother always turns her head round and touches it. I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own. 我一直很好奇母羊是怎么认得她们自己的小羊的，现在我知道了她们有一部分是靠声音来区分的，但主要是靠味道，外形不是内在。这就是为什么一只小羊走上前想要食物的时候，母羊总是转头并碰触小羊的原因。我曾想过这仅仅是一个喜欢小羊的表现，但这似乎是要闻小羊并确定这是她自己的孩子。 This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbit. 这种兔子在新西兰和澳大利亚没有天敌，所以它们没有节制地繁殖。 Its beginning obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slow-down, the new technological unemployment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century. 世界经济放缓所导致的失业开始减少，新技术性失业可能会在二十世纪末出现并成为很大的社会经济挑战。 II. 动词性替代 Mary speaks Chinese, and that very well. 玛丽会说中文，而且说得很好。 He never really succeeded in his ambitions. He might have done, one felt, had it not been for the restlessness of his nature. 他从来没有真正成功实现他的抱负。有人觉得如果不是因为他性格不安定，他原本也许能够成功。 3. You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite “honest criticism” from their aides, but seldom get it, and usually don’t follow it when they do. 总统们经常欢迎他们的副手发表诚实的批评，但是很少会接纳，并且在工作中经常不依照副手的建议去做，这你已经可以把它作为一个一般规则了。 (In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measures can most precisely defined and least effectively when