基于催化反应动力学的三元催化转化器工作效率温度监控数学模型研究-载运工具运用工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要随着汽车排放法规的日益严格，三元催化转化器的开发和应用已经成为控制 摘要 随着汽车排放法规的日益严格，三元催化转化器的开发和应用已经成为控制 汽车排放污染物的根本途径。它与电子燃油喷射系统的配套使用，大大降低了汽 油车的污染物排放量，已经成为控制汽车排放的主要措施之一。但是随着三元催 化转化器使用时间的不断延长，其转化效率不断地下降，因而，对三元催化转化 器转化效率的实时监控已成为人们关注和研究的问题。 本文全面评述了三元催化转化器系统构成、化学反应机理，分析了三元催化 转化器转化效率的影响因素以及三元催化转化器的失活机理。深入探讨了三元催 化转化器的催化反应动力学及三元催化转化器内的各种现象。在此基础上，运用 气体、固体的质量和能量守恒定律，研究建立了三元催化转化器内的气相能量守 恒、质量守恒和固相能量守恒、质量守恒等数学模型。然后，通过数学分析推导 出了三元催化转化器的工作效率与催化器出入口气体温差之间的关系式，建立了 催化转化器转化效率的温度监控数学模型。最后通过验证试验，得出运用本文建 立的温度监控数学模型算出的催化转化器转化效率与实际测量出来的催化转化 器转化效率具有明显一致性。证明本研究成果具有一定的理论指导意义和实际应 用价值。 关键词：三元催化转化器；转化效率；质量守恒；能量守恒；温度监控模型 AbstractWith Abstract With regulations on vehicle exhausts become increasingly strict，development and application of the three—way catalytic converter has become the fundamental approach to control vehicle emissions．The matching use of the three—way catalytic converter and the electronic fuel injection system reduces vehicle emissions greatly and has been one of the main measures to eontro】the vehicle exhausts．But with the increase of the three·way catalytic converter’S work time，the conversion efficiency descents constantly．So how to real time supervise the conversion efficiency of the three—way catalytic converter has become a problem that people concemed and researched． This paper introduced the system structure，the catalytic reaction mechanism of the three—way catalytic converter in detail，and analyzed the factors influencing the conversion efficiency，the invalid mechanism of the three—way catalytic conVerteL Then it put the emphasis on the chemical kinetics of the three-way catalytic convener and the phenomena of transfer in the three way catalytic converter．On the basis of above analysis，this paper studied and built the material balance model，the energy balance model for the gas phase and the material balance model，the energy balance model for the solid phase respectively．Then this paper derived the relation between the conversion efficiency and outlet-inlet air temperature difference of the three-·way ca