Section4Myerson and Weber(博弈论,哈佛大学).pdf

GOV 2005: Game Theory GOV 2005: Game Theory Section 4: Myerson and Weber Section 4: Myerson and Weber Alexis Diamond Alexis Diamond adiamond@fas.harvard.edu adiamond@fas.harvard.edu Agenda Agenda • Main ideas • Main ideas • Key terms • Key terms • Analysis • Analysis – The model of multicandidate elections – The model of multicandidate elections – Voting equilibria – Voting equilibria • Example 1: Comparison of voting systems • Example 1: Comparison of voting systems • Example 2: Effect of a small minority • Example 2: Effect of a small minority – Candidate positioning game – Candidate positioning game Main Ideas Main Ideas Plurality Rule Less Restrictive than Approval Voting Plurality Rule Less Restrictive than Approval Voting • Different electoral systems have different voting • Different electoral systems have different voting equilibria, even when voters preferences are fixed equilibria, even when voters preferences are fixed • Plurality rule and approval voting can lead to • Plurality rule and approval voting can lead to differences in candidate positioning differences in candidate positioning • There is a difference between two types of • There is a difference between two types of campaign activities campaign activities – Those intended to present information and help voters – Those intended to present information and help voters determine their preferences determine their preferences – Those intended to influence the selection of an – Those intended to influence the selection of an equilibrium