轿车白车身结构有限元分析及优化研究-车辆工程专业论文.docxVIP

FEM Analysis and Optimization On Body-in-white of Car A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master Candidate：Sun Wenming Supervisor：Prof. Ma Liming Chang’an University, Xi’an, China 摘 要 作为汽车四大总成之一的车身结构，不仅要有可供观赏的外形和宽敞的乘坐空间， 还要保证有足够的刚度及强度要求。车身结构的刚度设计不合理，将影响汽车的各项性 能指标。因此在汽车设计初期阶段进行车身结构的分析是非常有必要的。有限元分析是 将连续体离散为有限个单元进行数值计算的方法，被广泛运用到车身结构的分析中。 本文针对国产某品牌轿车车身结构建立了详细的有限元模型，并进行了车身结构的 静态刚度及模态特性有限元分析，从而得到有限元分析值。然后对实际样车车身结构进 行了刚度试验及模态试验测试。通过对有限元分析结果与实验分析结果对比，掌握了车 身结构的力学特性，并验证所建立的有限元模型的准确性。 本文另外一个重点是对车身结构进行优化设计。优化设计主要包括两个阶段：灵敏 度分析阶段与优化设计阶段。本文从车身结构中选取 38 个部件进行灵敏度分析，找出 车身结构中需要加强的部位。在保证车身质量最小的前提下，从灵敏度分析的部件中选 取对车身结构扭转刚度、弯曲刚度、整车一阶扭转频率及整车一阶弯曲频率都较为敏感 的部件作为优化设计的设计变量，对车身结构进行优化分析，优化后不仅减轻了车身的 质量，还提高了车身结构的静态刚度、整车一阶扭转频率和整车一阶弯曲频率，达到了 预期的目标。 关键词：白车身，有限元分析，静态刚度，模态频率，灵敏度 i PAGE PAGE iv iii iii Abstract Body structure, as one of the four car assembly, should ensure rigidity and strength requirements beside good appearance and spacious passenger space. Insufficient body structure stiffness would affect the performance of the car. So it is necessary to do the body structure analysis during the early stages of automotive design. Finite element analysis is a method that calculates continuum discredited into a finite number of units, and it is widely applied to the body structure analysis. Detailed finite element model, the static stiffness and modal finite element analysis of body structure to a domestic brand car body structure was made in this paper and we obtained the finite element analysis values. By comparing the theoretical analysis with experimental results, the accuracy of the finite element model was verified. Another focus of this paper is the optimizing of body structure design. There are two main stages, sensitivity analysis and optimization of the design. Select 38 parts from the body structure to carry out a sensitivity analysis to identify the parts of the body structure that need to be strengthen. Prerequisite the minimum the body mass, select the components of sensitivity ana