胶体电流变液颗粒的浸润性分析-材料物理与化学专业论文.docxVIP

摘要胶体电流变液是具有高介电常数的微米或纳米小颗粒和油的均匀混 摘要 胶体电流变液是具有高介电常数的微米或纳米小颗粒和油的均匀混 合体，当外加电场强度低于某个临界值，电流变液呈悬浮液相；高于这个 临界值，电流变液变成液固分离相。电场大于临界电场时电流变液的剪切 应力通常都有1l(Pa量级，目前最好的电流变液的屈服应力可以超过 100l【Pa量级。在实验中有迹象表明胶体颗粒表面与油液间的浸润性质对 胶体电流变液效应的大小有很大影响。在本文中，首先从层流理论在考虑 液体压强的情况下发展了一套新的毛细上升法的公式用于颗粒与液体的 浸润性的测量，解决了在使用Washburn公式来测量颗粒与液体的浸润性 时需要完美浸润液体(接触角为零)以及多次测量的问题。在试验上，作 者分别通过液体在毛细管中和在堆积颗粒的玻璃管中的毛细上升现象来 验证了新的公式的有效性。其次，本文从理论上就胶体电流变液颗粒表面 与油液间的浸润性对胶体电流变液影响进行了探讨，表明胶体电流变液体 系在外加电场时，胶体颗粒与油液问浸润性在电流变液结构的形成过程中 的影响不能忽略。在建立胶体电流变液模型时，必须加入由颗粒和油液间 表面能引起的相互作用力。 关键词：纳米颗粒、颗粒浸润性、电流变液、毛细上升法、 表面能、washbum方程、接触角 Abstractc0110idal Abstract c0110idal E1ectrorhe0109ical Fluids(ER Fluids)are compounds of oil a|ld high dielectric constant micro-or nano-particles．The rheological properties of colloidal ER fluids are contmllable by the印plication of an electric field． While the applied electric field is higher thaIl a critical Vonage，coUoidal ER fluids behave like the s硝id state，and the sta￡ic yidd stress of colloidal ER fluids is higher than 1KPa．Recently，me static yield stress of colloidal ER nuids can be as strong as 200KPa． In this paper，new equations afe deduced to measufe the pafticle wettabil主cy by spontaneously capillary rise methodⅥ，ith the hydrostatic e虢ct，in order to describe me relation beMeen me liquid front he遮ht and time，which enables us to experimentally measure contact angIes of capillary tube surfaocs directly． Excellent agrcement be鲥een thcory aIld experiment shows tlle Validity of the pmposed method．Thus，it becomes possible to directly measure the wettability of smaU particIes as well as porous materiaIs． Secondly，a theoretical a唱umentation is on the relation between the static yield stress of coUoidal ER nuids and the wettability of colloidal ER fluids partides． The result indicates a force induced by the challge of the particles surface ene曙y has a Very important innuence on the dynamic formation of the colloidal ER nuids stmcture． Key Words：Nanopanicle，wettability，Electmfhe010西cal nuids，Capillary Rise Method， Sur