基于人际交往误解案例思考中美跨文化交际.docxVIP

基于人际交往误解案例思考中美跨文化交际 摘要：本文选取两个中美人际交往中引发双方误解的典型 实例加以剖析，指出民族中心主义对有效跨文化交际可形成 阻碍。并提出文化移情的交际策略，以有助于来自不同文化 背景交际主体培养跨文化交际意识及提升对文化差异的理 解力和适应力。 关键词：人际交往；跨文化交际；民族中心主义；文化移 情 二十一世纪以经济全球化为大背景，同时也促成世界各 国文化空前频繁活跃的互动。根据Samovar和Peter的观 点: uIntercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. ” [1]由此可见跨文化交际涉及到不同文化背景之下 迥然相异的文化知觉和文化符号体系。跨文化交际的实例可 谓不胜枚举，古有印度佛教传入中国，丝绸之路，郑和下西 洋。今有中美贸易谈判，美国制片人拍摄《功夫熊猫》，中 国学子忙于博取雅思高分而后考入梦寐以求的美国名校。本 文选取的相关案例均出自2003年Stephen Smith所著 Culture in ContrastMiscommunication Culture in Contrast Miscommunication and Misunderstanding between Chinese and North Americanso 1. A Gift from a Chinese Student Xie Dong did his graduate study in an American university .He came back to China for a summer vacation. When he went back to his program, he paid his supervisor a visit and presented him a gift? The professor opened the gift. It was a ginseng with many tiny roots spreading out in a very artistic pattern. It clearly was an expensive gift. The professor，s eyes shone at the ginseng, but he then began to feel uneasy? “Xie Dong, I appreciate your kindness, but I can t take it as a gift. ” “Why? Don， t you like it? ” It was Xie Dong， s turn to be uneasy now. “Oh, sure, I love it.But I can? t accept it.” “Because I didn‘ t do anything to deserve such a gift. 为什么美国导师尽管喜欢，却婉拒了中国学生的人参礼 物呢？中国文化在送礼方面，尤其是受礼者地位高于自己 时，倾向于选择比较贵重的礼物，以示敬意和重视。人参既 能体现东方文化符号，又不失贵气，中国学生用心良苦，借 此表达对导师教诲的感激，同时可令恩师滋补身体。但从美 国教授的角度，学生完全可以通过其它的礼物来致谢，如一 束鲜花，一盒巧克力等等，礼虽轻，但情意厚重。要让学生 如此破费送礼，美国教授会深感不安。而学生也觉得很尴尬, 觉得自身有贿赂导师之嫌。 2. Simple Can be Special Wenhong had an American professor in he economics class in China. She had given the professor a lot of help during the course? At the end of the semester the professor and his wife invited her to their home for dinner? They said they are going to cook her an American meal. Wenhong felt very flattered and excite , since McDonald, KFC and Pizza Hut had been her only exposur