汉代自杀现象探析-中国古代史专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要中文摘要 中文摘要 中文摘要 汉代自杀现象频繁出现，与当时的社会环境有着密切关系。所处环境不同， 自杀方式和自杀类型也随之不同。汉代自杀方式有以下几种：自刭、饮药、自 缢、自刺、自溺、绝食、自焚、闭气等。自杀类型主要有逼迫型、恐惧型、利 他型、失意型、名节型等。由于受资料因素制约，目前所能见到的汉代自杀方 式与类型仅限于史书记载，这些自杀方式与类型也并不能完全概括汉代所有的 自杀现象，只是大致表达出汉代自杀现象的整体情况。 从阶层上看，见于史籍记载的，有诸侯王自杀，有列侯自杀，有太子、嫔 妃自杀，有三公九卿自杀，也有其它中下层官吏及平民自杀。汉代自杀现象广 泛分布在诸侯王官僚阶层，零星出现在宾客、奴婢等庶民阶层。这种特殊的分 布状态是汉代社会政治文化的集中体现，诸侯王官僚阶层的自杀与政治斗争有 关，平民自杀呈零星状态分布，这与正史中的记载偏向政治，而平民的记载多 是附属性质有关。 在影响自杀现象的因素中，主要有臣下有节、皇权专制、严刑酷法、高义 名节四个因素。诸侯王官吏等上层人物的自杀与皇帝的意志有关，或通过所 谓的名节来美化这种自杀的残酷，平民只能是这种整体社会环境下的被动 接受者，少数为节死的人受到政府的表彰和提倡，而更多的平民应该自杀 于其它因素。在众多的自杀者中，政治环境下的压迫作用最为明显。 关键词：汉代；自杀；社会心理 AbstractAbstract Abstract Abstract The phenomenon of suicide which frequently existed in Hart dynasty were close related to the social environment and there were many different types of suicides which occurred in different social environment．Han suicide are the following：Since the cut the throat,drinking medicine，hanging，self-thorn，from drowning，hunger strikes，self-immolation，breath and SO on．Main types of forced suicide and fearful， altruistic type，frustrated type，name section type．m phenomenon of suicide we saw from the history books were only tlle part of the whole and we alSO can fmd some viewpoints from these phenomenon． From the class，said Found in historical records，there are princes suicide，there Liehou suicide，a Prince，concubines committed suicide，a government 0伍cial committed suicide．tllere are other lower officials and civilians in suicide．It is widely distributed in the Hart Dynasty Princes bureaucracy,reflected in the sporadic guests， servants and other sectors of the common people．nliS particular distribution of soci81 and political culture of the Hart Dynasty embodiment，Princes bureaucracy and political struggles of suicide related to civilian suicide state distribution was sporadic， which is recorded in the official history of political bias，and is a subsidiary of the civilian nature of the record number Related． The main factors that affect suicide contain the reputation of courtie