北京大学计算概论课件第八讲 选择结构.ppt

Lesson 8 Flow of control Selection 2007/10/17 Objectives Relational Expressions Logic operation The if and if-else Statements The switch Statement Indentation and programming style Case Study: Data Validation Flow of control refers to the order in which a program’s statements are executed four kind of control structures: sequential Selection Repetition Invocation Selection selection is a single-entry/single-exit structure: execute only when condition is satisfied. Relational Expressions Relational Expressions (cont.) Can only accept data which can be arranged in ordering sequence Relational Expressions (cont.) Relational expressions are one kind of conditional expressions that evaluates to either 1 (true) or 0 (false) The expression 2.0 3.3 has a value of 0 The value of hours 0 depends on the value of hours The operand of relational expression can be any legal expression i - 4 = 6 Relational Expressions (cont.) Characters behave the same way as an integer in a relational expression Relational Expressions (cont.) —— evaluate and then compare char key = m; int i = 5, j = 7, k = 12; double x = 22.5; Logical Operations Can take in operands that evaluated as true (1) or false (0) Use (and), || (or), ! (not) to build more complex conditional expressions. Logical expression is another kind of conditional expression and can also be used directly in selection Truth table of (and) Logical Operation ! (NOT) Precedence of operators You can always use parenthesis to change the precedence of operators Logical expressions  —— conditional expressions Can take in any valid expression as operands 0 is interpreted as False None 0 is interpreted as True int i = 15, j = 30; double a = 12.0, b = 2.0, complete = 0.0; Logical expressions  —— short-circuit evaluation 2 || a b 0 a == b A Advanced topic about logic operation 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Logic operations (advanced) 1bit 1bit