初中英语语法现在完成时练习题答案.docxVIP

--- 一、时态讲解：现在完成时 （ 1）构成：现在完成时由助动词 have + 过去分词构成，助动词 have 有人称和数的变化。 第三人称单数用 has，其余用 have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上 not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以 study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 否定式 疑问式 I have not (haven You have not (haven He has not (hasn  ’ t) studied ’ t) studied ’ t) studied  ?. ?. ?.  Have I studied Have you studied Has he studied  ?? ?? ?? 否定疑问式 Have I not (Haven ’ t I) studied Have you not (Haven ’ t you) studied Has he not (Hasn ’ t he) studied  ?? ?? ??  简单回答（肯定 /否定） Yes, you have. No, you haven Yes, I have. No, I haven Yes, he has. No, he hasn ’ t.  ’ t. ’ t. （ 2）用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作 或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的 结果或影响 。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I ’ m sure we ’ ve met before我肯.定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 recently, already, just, lately, for ?, sinceyet?,等。如： I haven ’ t heard from her these days这.些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven ’ t seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： since 和 for 的区别 since 后接时间点，如 1993， last term, yesterday, the time I got there for 后接一段时间，表示 “长达多久 ”，如 ten years, a while, two days 等。 Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空 Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 oclock. India has been an independent country ______1974. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting ______ 20 minutes. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如 arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完成时当中不能和 表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes.  × × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes 2）have (has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别：表示 “