列车轮对诊断测量系统研究与设计-机械设计及理论专业论文.docxVIP

重庆大学硕士学位论文中 重庆大学硕士学位论文 中文摘要 I I 摘 要 随着国内高铁的大规模建设，列车运行速度的不断提高，其安全性日益受到广 泛重视。作为列车重要组成部件的轮对装置，承受来自机车车辆的全部静、动载 荷，轮对踏面表面和近表面的磨损、擦伤、剥离、裂纹等缺陷是危及行车安全的 重大因素，必须及时有效地对列车轮对状态进行检测，及时发现轮对缺陷，修复 或更换超限轮对，以避免列车事故的发生。传统的定期检修方式工作效率低，不 易检查出轮对踏面的细小裂纹及近表面的内部缺陷，已不能满足车辆检修要求， 迫切需要研制轮对踏面缺陷及轮对几何参数的动态检测方法、技术和装备，实现 在列车运行时对轮对状态的在线实时检测。 本文首先分析了轨道车辆轮对踏面失效的类型、产生原因及其危害。其次，在 广泛阅读国内外关于轮对检测技术研究资料的基础上，对机车车辆车轮的无损检 测技术的发展和研究现状作了全面地分析和概括，提出了“列车轮对诊断测量系统” 的总体方案，规划了系统的组织结构及检测流程。然后，文章以“系统”的“车轮检 测与探伤模块”为重点，详细介绍了采用光截图像测量技术结合激光位移传感器的 方式来对轮缘厚度、轮缘宽度、车轮直径、轮缘磨耗、踏面磨耗、轮辋宽度、轮 对内侧距等轮对几何外形尺寸测量的原理方案及误差分析；介绍了采用电磁超声 探伤技术对轨道车辆车轮踏面缺陷的探测原理，设计了运用于车轮踏面缺陷检测 的无损检测装置，包括系统检测方案的设计和电磁超声换能器(EMAT)的设计， 关键词：轮对外形尺寸，踏面缺陷，图像测量，电磁超声，在线检测 重庆大学硕士学位论文英 重庆大学硕士学位论文 英文摘要 II II ABSTRACT With the large-scale construction of domestic high-speed rail ,and the continuous improvement of train speed, the security problems are gaining increasingly extensive attention. The wheel-sets unit, as important components of the wheel train, supports the full static and dynamic loads from rolling stock. The wear, scratches, peeling, cracks and other defects present to the wheel tread surface and near surface are the major factors endangering traffic safety. Thus, it must be timely an effectively to detect the state of the train wheel, find out the defections in time, and repair it or replace the gauge wheel, to prevent the train accidents. The traditional way of regular maintenance cannot meet the demand of vehicle maintenance because of its low efficiency and difficult to check out the mini-cracks and internal defections in the wheel tread. So, its urgent to develop the dynamic testing methods, techniques and equipments to achieve on-line and real-time detection on the tread defects and geometric parameters of the wheel-sets. while the train is running. Firstly, the paper researched the wheel tread failure types, causes and hazards of the rail vehicle. Secondly, according to the comprehensive analysis and summary on the current research situation of the non-destructi