论《螺丝在拧紧》不确定性-英语语言文学专业论文.docxVIP

学位论文原创性声明 本人所提交的学位论文《论〈螺丝在拧紧〉的不确定性》，是在导师的指导下，独 立进行研究工作所取得的原创性成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任 何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和 集体，均已在文中标明。 本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 论文作者（签名）： 指导教师确认（签名）： 年 月 日 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解河北师范大学有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交学 位论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权河北师范大学可以将学位论 文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保 存、汇编学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在 年解密后适用本授权书） 论文作者（签名）： 指导教师（签名）： 年 月 日 年 月 日 III PAGE PAGE 11 PAGE PAGE 10 Introduction Henry James was a great master in American literature of nineteenth century and was also an offspring of Western civilization. He probes into the mind of American people and gives a vivid description of society. James was born in a wealthy family and his father, Henry James, Sr., was an unconventional free thinker who was acquainted with important writers and philosophers. James’s brother, William James, author of renowned Principle of Psychology (1890) and The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902), was famous in philosophy and psychology. In youth, James was sur rounded by the poets and philosophers of Emerson’s circle and grew up knowing Ralph Waldo Emerson. He spent great potions of life in Europe and settled in England after 1870. In England, James found a usable past missing in America and a view of future including multiple moral as well as technical possibilities. After the American Civil War, its society changed from the rural agrarian structure into the industrial system. Economy and population growth, land expansion, enhancement of comprehensive national strength and position in world affairs made blindly optimistic American people dream the golden prospects although some of James’s contemporaries such as Mark Twain and William Dean Howells doubted the optimism and pointed out the weaknesses which were reflected in their works. Henry James’s artistic success owes partly to his rich experiences in America and Europe and the influences of their culture. As an extraordinary productive writer, James publi