儿科绪论和生长发育-加接种.ppt

Chronology of vision development after 5 years 视深度已充分发育 Developmental Milestones in the First 2 Yr of Life Milestone Average Age of Attainment (mo) Developmental Implications Gross Motor Head steady in sitting 2.0 Allows more visual interaction Pull to sit, no head lag 3.0 Muscle tone Hands together in midline 3.0 Self-discovery Asymmetric tonic neck reflex gone 4.0 Child can inspect hands in midline Sits without support 6.0 Increasing exploration Rolls back to stomach 6.5 Truncal flexion, risk of falls Walks alone 12.0 Exploration, control of proximity to parents Runs 16.0 Supervision more difficult Fine Motor Grasps rattle 3.5 Object use Reaches for objects 4.0 Visuomotor coordination Palmar grasp gone 4.0 Voluntary release Transfers object hand to hand 5.5 Comparison of objects Thumb-finger grasp 8.0 Able to explore small objects Turns pages of book 12.0 Increasing autonomy during book time Scribbles 13.0 Visuomotor coordination Builds tower of two cubes 15.0 Uses objects in combination Builds tower of six cubes 22.0 Requires visual, gross, and fine motor coordination Communication and Language Smiles in response to face, voice 1.5 Child more active social participant Monosyllabic babble 6.0 Experimentation with sound, tactile sense Inhibits to “no” 7.0 Response to tone (nonverbal) Follows one-step command with gesture 7.0 Nonverbal communication Follows one-step command without gesture 10.0 Verbal receptive language _ (e.g., “Give it to me”) Speaks first real word 12.0 Beginning of labeling Speaks 4–6 words 15.0 Acquisition of object and personal names Speaks 10–15 words 18.0 Acquisition of object and personal names Speaks two-word sentences (e.g., “Mommy shoe”) 19.0 Beginning grammaticization, corresponds with 50+ word vocabulary Cognitive Stares momentarily at spot where object disappeared 2.0 Lack of object permanence (out of sight, out of mind)_ (e.g., yarn ball dropped) Stares at own hand 4.0 Self-discovery, cause and effect Bangs two cubes 8.0 Active comp