课件：二质量管理基本概念和方法.pptVIP

* The PDCA Cycle DescriptionUseExamplesFurther ReadingThe Ramp of Improvement Description The PDCA (or PDSA) Cycle was originally conceived by Walter Shewhart in 1930s, and later adopted by W. Edwards Deming. The model provides a framework for the improvement of a process or system. It can be used to guide the entire improvement project, or to develop specific projects once target improvement areas have been identified. Use The PDCA cycle is designed to be used as a dynamic model. The completion of one turn of the cycle flows into the beginning of the next. Following in the spirit of continuous quality improvement, the process can always be reanalyzed and a new test of change can begin. This continual cycle of change is represented in the ramp of improvement. Using what we learn in one PDCA trial, we can begin another, more complex trial. (Bold from Deming p.132, Plain from BPC p.52)Plan - a change or a test, aimed at improvement. In this phase, analyze what you inted to improve, looking for areas that hold opportunities for change. The first step is to choose areas that offer the most return for the effort you put in-the biggest bang for your buck. To identify these areas for change consider using a Flow chartlink or Pareto chartlink. Do -?Carry out the change or test (preferably on a small scale). Implement the change you decided on in the plan phase. Check or Study - the results. What was learned? What went wrong? This is a crucial step in the PDCA cycle. After you have implemented the change for a short time, you must determine how well it is working. Is it really leading to improvement in the way you had hoped? You must decide on several measures with which you can monitor the level of improvement. Run Charts can be helpful with this measurement. Act - Adopt the change, abandon it, or run through the cycle again. After planning a change, implementing and then monitoring it, you must decide whether it is worth continuing that particular change. If it