2003-an enigmatic signaling lipid英文文献资料.pdfVIP

R E V I E W S SPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE: AN ENIGMATIC SIGNALLING LIPID Sarah Spiegel* and Sheldon Milstien‡ The evolutionarily conserved actions of the sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in yeast, plants and mammals have shown that it has important functions. In higher eukaryotes, S1P is the ligand for a family of five G-protein-coupled receptors. These S1P receptors are differentially expressed, coupled to various G proteins, and regulate angiogenesis, vascular maturation, cardiac development and immunity, and are important for directed cell movement. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is derived from (SphK; BOX 1), which catalyses the ATP-dependent sphingosine — the backbone of most sphingolipids phosphorylation of sphingosine, is stimulated by many — and it is now emerging as a vital lipid mediator. agonists, which indicates that this is a central regulating Sphingosine was named in 1884 after the Greek enzyme of S1P. The degradation of S1P is mediated by mythological creature, the Sphinx, because of its enig- two different pathways: one is the reversible dephos- matic nature1. More than a century later we are just phorylation back to sphingosine by specific S1P beginning to unravel the riddle of S1P