《红楼梦》中的年节仪式的象征符号解读.docx

的朝拜、传播统治思想，维护其统治地位，最后才是家庭节日活动。作为社会精英阶层的群臣们的生存基础是世袭而来的爵位、庄园，其生存技术就是围绕维护各方关系，使其已有的东西得到维护和提升的各种策略；所以他们举行年节仪式的要点在于朝拜、祭祀祖先和礼尚往来。黎民百姓的生存基础是农业，其生存技术就是能够使农业丰收的各种方法，因而他们举行年节仪式时重在祈求自然神灵的保佑，祈求来年风调雨顺。 研究发现，不同群体虽然具有不同的生存基础、赋予仪式的具体内容及其象征意义也不同，但是人们举行仪式的逻辑起点是相同的，都是围绕着自己特有的生存技术来安排仪式活动，并赋予其象征意义。这就启发我们在当下提倡复兴传统节日，应该是借助它的结构形式而赋予其新的文化象征意义。只有这样，传统的仪式才能适应社会变迁而长久存续下去；新的文化思想也可以借助传统仪式的形式得到更加顺利的发展；社会也可以实现新旧和谐更替。 关键词：红楼梦；年节仪式；象征符号 II Abstract Rites and symbols, as behavioral and symbolic expressions to reflect the human nature, always occupy the important position in the anthropological field. The subject has been greatly focused on because it originally reflects the nature of human thoughts and behaviors. The author tries to explore some symbolic significance of Chinese New Year Ceremony and understand the implicit living philosophy in the ritual and symbolic perspective. The author studies A Dream of Red Mansions for the following three reasons: Firstly, it reflects Chinese social reality in the 18th century in its right perspective and provides the precious resources which acquaint us with the history then. Secondly, Chinese New Year Ceremony is the concentrated expression of mundane affairs and cultural mentality, so it has the broad and far-reaching cultural connotation. Finally, the research on Chinese New Year Ceremony in A Dream of Red Mansions has shown its value in the ethnological field; but it is blank in the anthropological field. Therefore, it is worthy of research in the anthropological perspective. This thesis mainly uses the method of literature research. Specifically, the author firstly reads A Dream of Red Mansions and then draws the conclusions from the novel rather than take the given notion to read for evidences. During the course of study, the author approaches the ritual culture in China from synchronic and diachronic angles; thereby the culture and the literature can prove each other. Firstly, the author puts the courses of Chinese New Year rites in A Dream of Red Man