延迟焦化控制系统设计.docVIP

PAGE PAGE I 延迟焦化控制系统设计 摘 要 延迟焦化是一种石油二次加工技术，以渣油为原料，在高温(约500℃)条件下进行深度的热裂化和缩合反应，生产汽油、柴油、蜡油和焦炭等。延迟焦化装置一直是加工劣质渣油的首选工艺装置。 本论文主要完成延迟焦化装置控制系统的整体设计。在焦化反应机理的基础上，分析生产过程中各个变量的性质及其相互关系以及被控对象的特性，根据工艺的要求，选择被控变量、操纵变量，合理选择控制系统中的测量变送单元、调节器和执行器，建立了一个较为合理的控制系统，能够实现生产过程的自动化。本次设计主要包括：延迟焦化装置加热炉出口温度、分馏塔底液位、塔底温度、塔顶温度、焦炭塔顶出口温度、换塔操作控制以及延迟焦化反应温度、压力、原料循环比等控制方案。根据工况条件及工艺数据，正确地进行仪表选型，在DCS操作平台上实施常规控制（如PID控制），了解整个延迟焦化的工艺运行状态，掌握延迟焦化相关的自动控制过程。 本文针对延迟焦化装置的实际情况，设计了合理的控制系统。理论研究表明该系统能有效提高延迟焦化生产过程的平稳性，统一了操作人员的操作方法，提高了装置的自动化水平，达到了预期的目标。 关键词：延迟焦化；控制方案；仪表选型； The Design of Control System for Delayed Coking Unit Abstract Delayed coking is a secondary oil processing technology, making the residue as raw material, which dose deep thermal cracking and condensation reaction under the condition of high temperature (about 500 ℃) to produce gasoline, diesel, gas oil and coke. This paper is to complete the overall design of control system for delayed coking unit. At first, we should analyze all variables in the production process and the characteristics of the object; then according to the request of production, choose the controlled variables, manipulation of variables, and a reasonable measurement transmission unit of control system, regulators and actuators; finally achieve the process of automated production. This paper is mainly including such control schemes as : delayed coking unit furnace outlet temperature control, fractionation bottom level control, the bottom temperature ,top temperature, coking tower outlet temperature control, change tower operation control, and delayed coking reaction temperature, pressure and raw materials cycle ratio and so on. Moreover, it chooses a correct measurement method based on conditions and data of technics used here.At last, we should become familiar with the DCS platform on the implementation of conventional control (such as PID control) and some advanced control. The paper will benefits us not only to understand the overall operating situation of control system for del