抗糖尿病药－胰岛素与口服降血糖药(AntidiabetisDrugs.pptVIP

* * * * * Adverse Effects 4.Hypokalemia: may occur in the acidosis patients who use a lot of insulin and glucose, it can lead to the patient death with abnormal heart beat. 5.Lipoatrophy: is the atrophy or hypertrophy of fat at the site of injection. Insulin Resistance (INR) Insulin resistance is a prominent feature in obese individuals and in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Some resistance may be caused by defects in binding of insulin. Other possible mechanisms include secretion of an abnormal B-cell secretory product or the presence of circulation insulin antagonists. Diabetes-Insulin Action Enhancers Rosiglitazone（罗格列酮） Pioglitazone（吡格列酮） The Action of Insulin Action Enhancers The are a new class of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They bind avidly to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (过氧化物酶增值活化受体）in adipocytes to promote adipogenesis and fatty acid uptake (in peripheral but not visceral fat). The Action of Insulin Action Enhancers By reducing circulating fatty acid concentrations and lipid availability in liver and muscle, the drugs improve the patients sensitivity to insulin. Thiazolidinediones（噻唑烷二酮类） favourably alter concentrations of the hormones secreted by adipocytes, particularly adiponectin（脂联素）. They increase total body fat and have mixed effects on circulating lipids. The Action of Insulin Action Enhancers Improve insulin resistance，decrease hyperglycemia. Improve fat metabolism disorder. Prevent and treat the blood vessel complication of type II diabetes mellitus. Improve pancreatic B cell function. Diabetes – Oral Medications Sulfonylureas Biguanides Sulfonylureas and biguanide combination drugs Thiazolidinediones Alpha-glycosidase inhibitors Meglitinides Oral Autidiabetic Drugs Sulfonylureas Tolbutamide 甲苯磺丁脲 Chlorpropamide 氯磺丙脲 Glibouclamide 格列本脲 Glipizide 格列吡嗪 Gliclazipe 格列齐特 Glurenorm 糖适平 Oral Autidiabetic Drugs Biguanides Phenformin （苯乙双胍） Metformin（二甲双胍） α-glucosidase inhibiors Acarbose Sulfonylurea