To do 用主动还是被动.pptVIP

不定式的完成式 to have done He happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese. 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作 或状态之前。 He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didn’t get there in time. 表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划 hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected, planned… To do 用主动还是被动 一、不定式作定语只能用主动式的情形 1．不定式所修饰的名词和不定式中的动词所表示的动作是逻辑上的主谓关系（此时，该不定式短语可转化为一个定语从句）。例如： Li Xuemei was the first athlete to get to the finishing line （＝．．．athlete who got to the finishing line）． 李雪梅是第一个到达终点的选手。 She is the only student who comes from Beijing. She is the first student to come from Beijing 2．不定式与它修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语是不定式中的动词所表示动作的逻辑主语或在句中能找到其逻辑主语。例如： Our teacher arranged us six exercises to do at home． He has a lot of work to do today． 今天他有大量的活要干。 “Do you have anything _________, Professor Smith?” “No, thanks.” A. to type B. typing C. to be typed D. being typed 3．有些句子中，尽管行文上没有不定式的逻辑主语，但是从句意角度可以体会出不定式中隐含着“for sb．to do”结构。此时，不定式应该用主动式。例如： That will be the only thing（for us）to do now． 这恐怕是目前（我们）唯一可行的办法。 4．部分形容词，如eager，anxious，determined，able等，其后常跟不定式，他们的同源名词后要用不定式的主动式作定语。例如： （Mr．Smith was eager to get back to teach at the school．） Mr．Smith‘s eagerness to get back to teach at the school was quite obvious． 史密斯先生急于回校教学这一点是显而易见的。 （He was anxious to know the results of the test．） We could see his anxiety to know the results of the test． 我们看得出他很想知道这次测验的结果。 5．部分动词，如attempt，promise，plan， intend，refuse等，其后常跟不定式作其宾语，它们的同源名词后要用不定式的主动式作定语。例如： （They attempted to reach there before five oclock．） They failed in their attempt to reach there before five oclock．他们试图在五点以前赶到那里，但是没有办到。 6．在“with ／without ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，若宾语补足语是不定式（作定语），不定式所表示的动作将要发生，且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者，此时不定式须用主动式。例如： With a lot of difficult problems ___________ ， the newly-elected president is having a hard time．（2002上海高考） A．settled B．settling C．to settle D．being settled With several meetings to attend，he couldn‘t go to the Great Wall with us． 由于有几次会议要参加，所以他不能和我们一起去长城了。 二