《语言学教程》第 8 章 语用学.pptVIP

第 8 章 语用学（1）（Language in Use / Pragmatics） 8.0 语用学入门 [自设] 8.1 Speech Act Theory [言语行为理论] 8.0 语用学入门 Definitions of Pragmatics ①Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context. ②It deals with particular utterances in particular situations and is especially concerned with the various ways the social contexts of language performance can influence interpretation. ③In other words, pragmatics is concerned with the ways language is used to communicate rather than the way language is internally structured. （本教材的P18） “微观语言学(microlinguistics)”与“语言” ①Pragmatics is generally defined as the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. ②As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying and understanding meaning in a certain context, pragmatics can also be regarded as a kind of meaning study. ③Pragmatics is a comparatively a new branch of study in the area of linguistics; its development and establishment in the 1960s and 1970s resulted from the expansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics. [《新编简明英语语言学教程》P84] Pragmatics vs Semantics ①The publication of Saussure’s work Course in General Linguistics in the early 20th century marked the beginning of modern linguistics and at the same time laid down the key note for modern linguistics, i.e. language should be studied as a self-contained, intrinsic system; any serious study of language cannot afford to investigate the use of language and extra-linguistic factors were not to be considered. [ 《普通语言学教程》的尾句：The only true object of study in linguistics is the language, considered in itself and for its own sake. ] ①From then on, this has been the dominant tradition of linguistic study. ②This is the spirit in which traditional phonology studied the sounds of language, traditional syntax studied the structure of sentences, traditional semantics studied meaning. ③The