晶面和方向索引.pptxVIP

§2.5 Indices of crystal planes and directions; 1. Steps to determinate the plane indices: ? Establish a set of coordinate axes ? Find the intercepts of the planes to be indexed on a, b and c axes (x, y, z).;? Take the reciprocals of the intercepts 1/x, 1/y, 1/z. ? Clear fractions but do not reduce to lowest integers. ? Enclose them in parentheses, (h k l) Example: 1/2,1,2/3 2,1,3/2 (423) Plane indices referred to three axes a, b and c are also called Miller Indices.; Several important aspects of the Miller indices for planes should be noted: ? Planes and their negatives are identical. Therefore . ? Planes and their multiples are not identical. ? In cubic systems, a direction that has the same indices as a plane is perpendicular to that plane.;2. The important planes in cubic crystals;3. A family of planes consists of equivalent planes so far as the atom arrangement is concerned.;;Ⅲ. Direction Indices;2. The important direction in cubic crystals: 100 : crystal axes 110 : face diagonal 111 : body diagonal 112 : apices to opposite face-centers 3. Family of directions consists of crystallographically equivalent directions, denoted u v w e.g. ;§2.6 Hexagonal axes for hexagonal crystals ;; Ⅱ. Plane indices (hkil) It can be proved: i ≡－(h＋k);Important planes :;Ⅲ. Direction indices [ u v t w ] To make the indices unique, an additional condition is imposed. ---- Let t＝－(u＋v);Transformation of indices Transformation of 3 to 4 indices, or vice versa. Suppose we have a vector, whose 3 indices [u v w], and 4 indices [u v t w].;or:;For example:;1. Quick way for indexing the directions in cubic crystals: The value of a direction depends on its feature while the sign on direction.;2. The coordinate origin can be set arbitrarily (for example on apices, body-center, face-centers etc.), but never on plane in questions, otherwise the intercepts would be 0,0,0 . 3. The coordinate system