医学预防医学导论.pptVIP

Route #3: Dermal Absorption （皮肤） Dermal Absorption: Absorbing a chemical through any part of the skin , including the eyes. When chemicals come in contact with the skin, they can sometimes enter the bloodstream through this route of exposure. 南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院 环境卫生学系 周宏伟 ehscourse@ 32 barrier Area (m 2 ) Thickness ( μ m) Weight (kg) Daily exposure (kg) Skin 2 100 12-16 variable GI tract 200 10-12 7 3-4 Lungs 140 0.2-0.4 0.8-0.9 24 Exposure X X What is dose( 剂量 )? X X X X X X = hazard Dose Dose is the amount of a hazard that actually enters your body. X X X X X X Dose can depend on… Duration of Exposure: How long? Frequency of Exposure: How often? Body Size : How big or small are you? M L S S Duration of Exposure might not have any harmful effects. 30 minutes of sun exposure Duration of Exposure might be very harmful indeed! But 4 hours of sun exposure 1 Environmental Health Science 环境卫生学概要 Department of Environmental Health Science School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine 环境卫生学系 周宏伟Biodegradation@ You cannot select your genome but you can change your environment 什么是环境卫生？ ? 环境卫生是指城市空间环境的卫生。主 要包括城市街巷、道路、公共场所、水 域等区域的环境整洁，城市垃圾、粪便 等生活废弃物收集、清除、运输、中转 、处理、处置、综合利用，城市环境卫 生设施规划、建设等。 文章来源：（ 淄博市党员干部现代远程教育中心 ） 一、环境卫生学定义 定义 1 ? 研究自然环境和生活环境与人群健康的关系， 解释环境因素对人群健康影响的发生、发展规 律，为充分利用环境有益因素和控制环境有害 因素提出卫生要求和预防对策，增进人体健康 ，提高整体人群健康水平的科学。 ? 是预防医学的重要分支学科，也是环境科学不 可缺少的重要组成部分。 －陈学敏，杨克敌 Definition 2 ? In its broadest sense, environmental health is the segment of public health that is concerned with assessing , understanding , and controlling the impacts of people on their environment and the impacts of the environment on them. -Moeller D.W. Environmental Health 二、环境对健康的影响到底有多大？ 通过健康环境预防疾病 : 对疾病的环境负 担的估计 Preventing disease through healthy environments: Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease WHO 2006 估计全球疾病负担的 24% 和全部死亡的 23% 可归因于环境因素。 ? 最大绝对负担可归因于可改变的环境因素的疾病包 括： 腹泻、下呼吸道感染、“其它”意外伤害和疟 疾。 ? 地区差异 ? 传染病和伤害给发展中地区造成极其沉重的负担 ? 在可归因于环境的非传染病的分值上，发达国