北大神经生物学课件4 1神经元的信息传递.pptVIP

神经元之间的信息传递 (Synaptic Transmission Between Neurons) 薛冰 北京大学神经科学研究所 神经元之间信息传递的方式 ? 神经元最主要的功能是通过 突触 (Synapse) 进行细胞间的信息传递 ? 突触有 电突触 (Electrical Synapse) 和 化学性突触 (Chemical Synapse) ， 但以化学性突触为主 ? 电突触 通过 缝隙连接 (gap junction) 直接完成细胞间的电信息传递 ? 化学性突触 传递必须依赖于 神经递质 (Neurotransmitters) 或 神经肽 (Neuropeptides) 作用于突触后膜的受体而完成细胞间的信息传递 Fig.1 Fig.2 Fig. 1 Current flows at electrical synapse Electrical Synapses ? Gap-Junction Channels Connect Communicating Cells at an Electrical Synapse ? Electrical Transmission Allows the Rapid and Synchronous Firing of Interconnected Cells ? Electrical Synapses Provide Instantaneous Signal Transmission ? Electrical Synapses are bidirectional Return Fig. 2 Distinguishing Properties of Electrical and Chemical Synapses Electrical Synapse Chemical Synapse Distance between pre- and postsynaptic cell membranes Cytoplasmic continuity between pre- and postsynaptic cells Ultrastructural components Agent of transmission Synaptic delay Direction of transmission 3.5 nm 20 - 40 nm Yes No Gap-iunction channels Presynaptic vesicles and active zones; postsynaptic receptors Ion current Chemical transmitter Virtually absent Significant:at least 0.3 ms, usually 1- 5 ms or longer Usually bidirectional unidirectional Current flows differently at electrical and chemical synapses Chemical Synapses ? How do Signals from Pre-synaptic Cell Transmit to Post-synaptic Cell ? － Electrical-Chemical-Electrical Signals Transform ? Releases of Chemical Transmitters from Pre-synaptic Membrane ? Chemical Transmitters Bind to Postsynaptic Receptors ? Postsynaptic Receptors Gate Ion Channels Either Directly or Indirectly ? Ligand-gate Ion Channel Receptors ? G-protein coupled Receptors (Second-Messenger Pathways) ? Tyrosine Protein Kinase Receptors ? Open or Close of Postsynaptic Ion Channels － Postsynaptic Potentials － Action Potentials of Postsynaptic cell Synaptic transmission at chemical synapses involves several steps Neurotransmitters act either directly or indirectly on