虚拟语气讲解及练习.docx

If it doesnHad + 分词 与将来事实相反的假设 1 If it doesn Had + 分词 与将来事实相反的假设 1）动词过去式 2） were to+ 动词原形 则是虚拟条件句。 如 If 在含有虚拟条件句的 动词原形 过去分词 动词原形 have got well earlier. 等动词移到从句的句首。 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如 t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的， 或将来不大可能发生的， he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下： 从句（条件句） 主句（结果句） 与现在事实相反的假设 动词过去式 Be 一般用 were Would /Could /Should / Might+ 与过去事实相反的假设 Would /Could /Should / Might+have+ 或实现的可能性很小 Would /Could /Should / Might+ 3) should+ 动词原形 例如： If he were here, everything would be all right. If her mother had taken the doctor s advice, she would/might If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略 if ，采用局部倒装语序。把 had /should/were 例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致， 这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的 动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句 有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。 如 Without air（If there were no air）, there would be no living things. But for your help （If it hadn t been for your help）, I couldn t have done it. 假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。 I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor. I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the party. 表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。 （ 1）省去条件从句 You could have washed your clothes yourself. （你本可以自己洗 衣服的。）省去了 If you had wanted to 。（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。 ） （ 2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望） If my grandmother were with me! （ 如果我的祖母和我 在一起多好啊！ ） 事实是：祖母已不在世。 四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用 “wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……、悔不该……、但愿…… 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式； 表示将来不可能实现的愿望用“ would/could+ 动词原形”； 表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“ had+过去分词”。如： I wish I were better-looking. 要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。 I wish I had met the film star just now. 我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！ I wish I would be a solider. 我想当一名军人