《基础医学各论II》课件：生殖系统生理学3.pdfVIP

Reproduction (3) Liang Huawei （梁华为） E-mail: liang.huawei@ Pregnancy （妊娠） 人类妊娠时间：280天 Capacitation of spermatozoa (精子获能) • Occurs in the female genital tract • Is stimulated by secretions in the vagina , uterus, and uterine tubes • Results in capacity to pass through the corona radiata • Involves removal of surface coatings and changes in plasma membrane • Can be produced in vitro by washing with salt solution • Fertilization of the ovum – Acrosome reaction – Zygote • The spermatozoa determine the sex of the embryo. The fertilized egg is called a zygote. In-Vitro Fertilization Cloning • Cloning – Production of identical copies of cells – In popular usage it refers to cloning of zygotes • a zygote whose nucleus is then replaced by a donor nucleus – Clones have identical copies of DNA. – Successfully applied to mammals in 1984, with the cloning of the sheep, Dolly. • Implantation(植入) of the blastocyst (胚泡) • The morula （桑葚胚）is differentiated into two groups of cells: – A small group of internal blastomeres （分裂球）called the inner cell mass or embryoblast （成胚细胞）, which gives rise to the embryo – The surrounding cells, termed the outer cell mass or trophoblast （滋养 层）, which give rise to the placenta and membranes In the picture, ten models, approximately life-sized, represent eight weeks of embryonic development, at the end of which main organ systems, limbs and features have taken shape. Pregnancy (妊娠) 胎盘Placenta 胎盘Placenta After the end of the first trimester, the placenta is more fully developed, including its nutritive/exchange relationship between the maternal and fetal circulations, and its st