Script of should we get rid of standerdized test英美概况——纵览·博闻.pdf

以下是补充资料里的视频 “Should we get rid of standardized test”的字幕，供大家参 考： 1. Thefirst standardized teststhat we know of 2. were administered inChina over2,000years ago during the Handynasty. 3. Chinese officials used themto determine aptitudeforvarious government posts. 4. The subject matter included philosophy, farming, and even military tactics. 5. Standardized tests continued to be used around theworldforthe next two millennia, 6. andtoday, theyre usedforeverything fromevaluating stairclimbsfor firefighters in France 7. to language examinationsfordiplomats inCanada to students inschools. 8. Some standardized tests measure scores only in relationtothe results of other test takers. 9. Others measure performances on how welltest takers meet predetermined criteria. 10. Sothe stairclimbforthefirefightercould be measured by comparing thetime of the climbtothat of allotherfirefighters. 11.This might be expressed inwhat many calla bellcurve. 12. Or it could be evaluatedwith reference to set criteria, 13. suchas carrying a certainamount of weight a certaindistance upa certain numberof stairs. 14. Similarly, the diplomat might be measured against othertest-taking diplomats, 15. oragainst a set of fixed criteria, whichdemonstrate different levels of language proficiency. 16.And allof these results can be expressed using something called a percentile. 17.If a diplomat is inthe 70th percentile, 70% of test takers scored below her. 18.If she scored inthe 30th percentile, 70% of test takers scored above her. 19.Althoughstandardized tests are sometimes controversial, they are simply atool. 20.As athought experiment, thinkof a standardized test as a ruler. 21.A rulers usefulness depends ontwo things. 22. First, thejobwe ask it to do. 23. Our rulercant measure thetemperature outside or how loud someone is singing. 24. Second, the rulers usefulness depends on its design. 25. Say you need to measure the circumference of anoran