植入式胞外神经微丝电极和薄膜电极的发展-神经生物学论文-生物学论文.docxVIP

植入式胞外神经微丝电极和薄膜电极的发展-神经生物学论文-生物学论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　人类的大脑约由800亿神经细胞构成,这些神经元之间的连接将大脑组成了一个超复杂的神经网络,要研究大脑的功能机制,破译其神经网络的信息编码原理,一个重要的方法是在大脑神经元网络中,同时观察、记录尽可能多的单个神经元活动信号。植入式多通道神经微电极作为一种可实时记录多个神经元峰电位信号的器件,在神经信号的时间分辨率和设备的便捷性方面有着其它神经成像技术不可替代的优点。在不影响大脑功能甚至动物行为的前提下,为了在大脑中植入通道数更多的电极,需要在植入式多通道电极的材料、结构、集成方式和植入及封装方法等方面不断地进行改进创新和优化。本文简要回顾了多通道微电极技术的发展历史,重点介绍了采用微加工技术制备植入式多通道微电极的发展历程和研究现状,对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。 　　关键词：　植入式神经微电极; 微加工技术; 微通道电极; 薄膜电极; 电极阵列; 评述; 　　Abstract：　The human brain contains about 80 billion nerve cells, and the connections between neurons form a complicated brain neural network. To study the function of the brain mechanisms and the coding principle of the neural network, an important method is to record single-neuron activity as much as possible at the same time. Implantable multichannel neural microelectrodes is a key device that multiple discharge activities of single neurons and can record the spike potential signal of neurons in real-time. In terms of the temporal resolution of neural signals, microelectrode has irreplaceable advantages over other neuroimaging techniques. How to implant more electrodes with more channels in the brain without affecting the function of the brain requires constant innovation and optimization in the material, structure, integration mode and packaging method of implanting multichannel electrodes. This paper briefly reviews the development history of multichannel microwire technology and focuses on the development history, research status and future development trend of implantable multichannel microelectrode by micromachining technology. 　　Keyword：　Implantable neural microelectrodes; Micromachining technology; Multichannel microelectrodes; thin film electrode; Electrode array; Review; 　　1 、引 言 　　18世纪末,意大利生理学家在蛙腿标本首次观察到生物电信号。19世纪初,神经的静息电位和动作电位被直接测量到。神经元电信号实际上是神经元细胞膜内外两侧不同带电离子浓度差造成的电位差,维持及改变电位差是神经元最基本的产生、传递和处理信息的基本方式。 　　神经元是大脑的基本结构和功能单位,当神经元被激活时,其膜电位会发生快速的特征性变化,称为峰电位(Spike potential, SP)或动作电位(Action poten