英语语法与写作基础(2).docxVIP

芆英语语法基础 膇一、词性 蚁 1. 名词 (noun →n.)： 节 表示人或物的名称， man, teacher, book, music, time等。 莆 另有专有名词如 Tom, New York, Wall Street, ATM 等。 莄 动名词也是名词，由动词 +ing 构成，表示某种行为，如： swimming, playing basketball, being short等。 肂在英语中，名词可做句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、同 位语。如： 蚁 I love studying English in my leisure / spare / freetime. （主语、宾语） 膆 Being short is not a disadvantage. （主语、表语） 莄 The railway bridge is to be reconstructed next month.（定语） 螄 We made him monitor. （宾语补足语） 葿 We Chinese peoplemean what we say. （同位语） 芆 2. 各种代词 (pronoun →pron.) 螅 指代人或物，如人称代词 he, she, us, them, 指示代词 this, that, these, 不定代词 some, any, someone, something, all, each，疑问代词 what, which 等。 节代词类似于名词，在英语中通常做主语、宾语，少数可以做表语、 同位语、定语。 膈 What has happened tohim? （主语、宾语） 莆 This is my book. Yours is over there. （定语、主语） 膆 They each / all got a birthday present.（同位语。 当然，还有主语 they 也是代词。） 羄 注意：反身代词只能作宾语、表语、同位语，绝对不能做主语 ! 例 如： 芁 He himself is to blame for the mistake. （同位语） 莅 He isn’thimself / doesn’tlook / feel / seem himself today. （表语） 莃 He slipped, but didn’thurt himself. （宾语） 蒂 3. 形容词 (adjective →adj./a.) 肀形容词的主要功能就是作定语、表语、补足语。如： 蒅 He is said to be ahandsomeboy. （定语） 螄 He is tall , handsome,and above all, very intelligent . （表语） 膄 He fell down to the ground, dead. （主语补足语） 蝿 4. 副词 (adverbial →adv./ad.) 衿副词通常做状语，修饰动词、形容词、另外一个副词、整个句子。 膅 He plays the piano well / very well. （修饰动词短语 plays the piano， very 又修饰副词 well ） 薂 She is very / really / pretty beautiful. （修饰形容词 beautiful） 袂 Surprisingly, he passed the exam at first attempt.（修饰整个句子） 罿注意一词多义、一词多性现象： 薆 She was very ill and was rushed to hospital immediately（.形容词，“生病的”，句中作表语） 芄 ill effects / discipline / temper / humor（形容词，“不好的；糟糕的；有害的”，只能作前置定语） 薁 ill -equipped / ill -treat / speakill of sb （副词，“坏地；糟糕地”，做状语） 罿 a cure for all the nation’sills （名词，“问题；困难”，作宾语。） 羇 The book is very good and worth reading a second time. （程度副词，“非常地”，做状语。） 螁 He is the very man for the job. （形容词，“恰恰是；正是”等表示强调的意思，只能做前置定语。 ） 莀 He played the instrument so well that he won first prize. （副词，“好地”） 聿 He’ll get wel