葡萄籽提取物及龟板提取物对胫骨软骨发育不良肉鸡治疗效果的研究.pdfVIP

Therapeutic Effects of Grape Seed Extract and Plastrum Testudinis Extract on Thiram fed Tibial Dyschondroplasia Broilers Contents Contents I List of Figures IV List of Tables V 摘要 i ABSTRACT iii List of abbreviations vi CHAPTER 1 1 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Endochondral ossification 1 1.2 Bone developmental process 1 1.3 Growth plate structure 2 1.4 Avian epiphyseal plate 3 1.5 Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) 4 1.6 TD and gene expression 7 1.6.1 Carbonic Anhydrase 2 (CA2) 7 1.6.2 Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1α) and Hsp90 8 1.6.3 AKT and PI3K 9 1.7 Grape Seed Extract 11 1.8 Plastrum Testudinis Extract 12 1.9 Inference and hypothesis 12 CHAPTER 2 14 Recovery of Chickens Affected with Tibial Dyschondroplasia by Application of Grape Seed Extract Through Downregulating CA2 Gene and Enhancing Liver Functions 14 2.1 Introduction and objectives of the study 14 2.2 Materials and Methods 15 2.2.1 Ethical Approval 15 2.2.2 Experimental Design 15 2.2.3 Analysis of Production Performance 16 2.2.4 Analysis of Blood Biochemistry 16 2.2.5 Analysis of Liver Antioxidants and Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) Staining 16 I 2.2.6 Extraction of RNA and RT-qPCR Analysis 16 2.2.7 Western blotting analysis 17 2.2.8 Immunohistochemistry 17 2.2.9 Statistical analysis 17 2.3 Results 18 2.3.1 Growth performance and mortality 18 2.3.2 Effect of GSE on TD score and growth-plate width 19 2.3.3 Analysis of blood biochemistry and liver histopathological i