电荷梯度效应对尘埃格波和尘埃晶格孤波的影响.pdfVIP

摘要 摘 要 等离子体作为物质存在的第四态，却几乎涵盖了宇宙物质的全部，其丰富的 物理现象受到了学者们的广泛关注。尘埃等离子体为等离子体物理学的一个重 要分支，最近二十年发展迅速。由于尘埃等离子体中的尘埃粒子是带电荷的，使 得尘埃等离子体的集体行为与电子-离子等离子体有着很大的区别。当尘埃粒子 之间的静电能超过其动能时，尘埃粒子就会自发形成尘埃晶格。尘埃晶格属于强 耦合系统，其相互作用更强烈和复杂，因此会存在许多不稳定性。尘埃晶格波就 是其中的线性不稳定性，而尘埃晶格孤波为非线性不稳定性。 之前对于尘埃晶格波的研究往往都是假设尘埃粒子所带的电荷都相同且均 匀的粒子间间距，但实际上，尘埃粒子所带电荷会受到周围等离子体参数和外界 环境的影响，因而实验室中可能具有非均匀的电荷分布。假设相邻尘埃粒子携带 电荷成某种关系——电荷梯度。本文采用一维尘埃晶格链模型，研究了电荷梯度 效应对于横向尘埃晶格波和尘埃晶格孤波的影响。 第二章，基于一维尘埃晶格链模型，采用经典固体物理的方法，推导出了具 有电荷梯度效应的一维尘埃链中横向尘埃晶格波的色散关系。结果表明电荷梯 度效应会电荷梯度起到了外部约束势的作用，使横向尘埃晶格波在没有外部约 束势的情况下被激发，且电荷梯度效应越大，激发的横向尘埃晶格波的频率越大。 第三章，从尘埃粒子的运动方程出发，利用约化摄动法和连续近似法，推导 出了电荷梯度效应下尘埃晶格孤波的KdV 方程，并得到其稳态局域解。数值结 果表明，电荷梯度效应会影响尘埃晶格孤波的传播并使得其结构变得更尖锐。 最后，对本论文的主要内容进行了总结和下一步工作的展望。 关键词：等离子体；尘埃等离子体；尘埃晶格波；电荷梯度效应；尘埃晶格孤波。 Ⅱ 目录 目录 摘要·····························································································································Ⅱ Abstract ························································································································Ⅲ 第1 章 绪论···············································································································1 1.1 等离子体·································································································1 1.1.1 等离子体的基本概念·································································1 1.1.2 等离子体的特性·········································································2 1.2 尘埃等离子体·························································································3 1.2.1 尘埃等离子体简介·····································································3 1.2.2 尘埃等离子体的特性································