高分子材料加工技术专业英语Plasticizersplasticizers讲稿.docVIP

PAGE 4 PAGE 4 增塑剂——Plasticizers 教学设计  教学内容与设计 时间分配 或备注说明 Some PVC products,such as pipes, profiles are very hard. while other PVC products ,for example,toys,shoes can be very soft. Why? Good question! Rigid PVC products added little plasticizers,While soft PVC articles use a lot of platicizers. A plasticizer is a substance which when added to a material, usually a plastic, makes it flexible, resilient and easier to handle. Plasticizer? What is plasticizer? Introduction to plasticizers Early examples of plasticizers include water to soften clay and oils to plasticize pitch for waterproofing ancient boats. There are more than 300 different types of plasticizers of which about 50-100 are in commercial use. The most commonly used are phthalates and adipates. PVC is basically rigid at normal temperature. This is due to the short distances between the molecules since there are strong pulling forces between them (intermolecular forces). When plasticizers are added to PVC at this stage, the plasticizer molecules make their way between the PVC molecules and prevent the PVC polymer molecules from coming closer with each other. Consequently the polymer molecules are kept apart even at normal temperature and softness is maintained. This is the role of plasticizers and such process is technically called plasticizing. PVC polymer molecules have positive and negative polarities inside, while plasticizer molecules also have such polar and non-polar parts. The PVC polymer molecules and the plasticizer molecules are electrically attracted to each other, and the non-polar parts widen the distance among the polymer molecules to keep softness. The PVC polymer molecules and the plasticizer PVC products which are softened by plasticizers are called soft (flexible) PVC products. In Europe, about 30 % of the total PVC resin production is used for flexible PVC products. Importantly, plasticizers are not just additives (like pigments or fillers). They conform well to PVC (compatibilit