从三种资本的角度解释城乡收入差距.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 18 从三种资本的角度解释城乡收入差距 ——基于省级面板数据的实证分析 摘要：借鉴柯布—道格拉斯生产函数来构建收入决定模型, 使用省级面板数据, 本文实证研究了我国三种资本——人力资本、社会资本、物质资本，和我国当前城镇与农村收入差距的关系。研究发现:在人力资本方面，城乡人均差距提高1%，会使其收入差距则提高0.299%。城乡总体物质资本增加1%，城镇与农村居民收入差距缩小0.299%。城镇与农村收入差别受社会资本中二、三产业比重的影响较多。二产比重相差提高1%，收入相差提高1.396%；三产比重相差增加1%，收入相差拉大1.423%。城镇与农村收入差别拉大的原因较多，实证结果显示根本主要源于社会资本中第二第三产业的比重变化和城乡二元经济结构；城镇与农村收入相差受物质资本的影响较小，从劳动者的流动性方面可以对其进行解释；人力资本的增加并不是如一般所预料的，可以较快促进劳动人口的迁移，进而减小城乡收入差距。 关键词：城乡收入差距；物质资本；人力资本；社会资本 Explain the Rural-urban Income Gap from the Perspective of three Categories of Capital - An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data Abstract: Cobb - Douglas production function is referenced to build income determination model. Using the provincial panel data, this paper makes empirical research on the relationship between three capital - human capital, social capital, physical capital, and urban-rural income gap. The study found that differences of urban and rural residents in human capital expanded by 1% widen the income gap by 0.299%. While overall urban and physical capital increases by 1%, the income gap between urban and rural areas reduces by 0.299%. Differences of social capital impact on the income gap more especially in the secondary and tertiary industry. When proportion difference of secondary industry increases by 1%, the income gap improves by 1.396 %. When proportion difference of tertiary industry increases by 1%, the income gap improves by 1.423%. Proportion differences of social capital in the secondary and tertiary industry and the existence of dual economic structure of urban and rural are the root causes of the widening income gap. Difference in physical capital did not have a significant impact on the income gap which can be explained by the mobility of workers. The improvement of human capital did not accelerate the transfer of labor so much as we think to narrow the urban-rural income gap. Keywords: Urban-rural Income Gap; Physical Capital; Human Capital; Social Capital 一、引言 自1978年改革以来，中国经济的发