大都市居住与就业空间不匹配研究——以杭州市为例.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 23 大都市居住与就业空间不匹配研究 ——以杭州市为例 摘要：随着城市化进程的推进，大都市的居住与就业空间不匹配现象日益凸显，对城市发展和居民生活产生了重要的影响。本文以杭州市为研究对象，在梳理了国内外研究综述的基础上，运用空间基尼系数、就业-居住偏离度指数，并结合适龄就业人口与在岗就业人口的空间分布，分别从市域、区县、街道三个尺度分析杭州市居住与就业人口的空间集聚情况和偏离程度，得出：（1）杭州市在1994-2013年这20年中的居住人口空间集聚程度呈现先下降后稳定的趋势，而就业人口的空间集聚程度则经历先下降再波动上升后缓慢下降的趋势；（2）绝大多数街道存在就业适龄人口与在岗就业人员不匹配现象，导致适龄就业人口被迫去其他区域就业；（3）就业-居住偏离程度基本由市中心向外围区递减的结果。在实证分析的基础上，探讨居住与就业空间不匹配形成的机理及影响，认为在城市化的过程中要注重人口空间与产业空间的拓展联动，完善郊区的基础服务配套设施，同时要合理规划保障性住房等，以期对杭州市的住房选址、产业布局、公共交通建设提供一定的借鉴意义。 关键词：居住与就业；空间不匹配；杭州市；城市规划；城市空间结构 Metropolitan residential and employment space problem mismatch research Abstract: With the development of urbanization, the phenomenon of metropolitan residential and employment space mismatch is becoming more and more prominent, which has an important impact on urban development and the living of residents. This paper, Hangzhou as the research object, is based on the domestic and international researches. With the help of measures of space Gini coefficient, employment - deviation living index, and combined with working - age employment and post employment in distribution of the population, this paper analyzes the spatial agglomeration degree and deviation degree of living and employment people in Hangzhou from the scale of city, district, street. It concludes: (1) In 1994-2013, Hangzhou’s spatial agglomeration degree of the population in the 20-year declines in the first and then has a stable trend. The degree of spatial agglomeration of the working population is experiencing a slow decline after the first decline in volatility and then rises. (2)The majority of the streets presence the phenomenon of mismatch on working-age people and employment people, resulting in employment-age people are forced to go to other regional to employment. (3) Employment - living departing from the basic level decreased from downtown to the peripheral region. Based on the empirical analysis, the urbanization process should pay attention to population expansion space and industria