不定式的完成式.docxVIP

不定式的完成式 1 . 动词不定式的完成体 如果不定式动作是瞬间动作动词，它表示一个在现在或过去某时之前已经完成的动作；如果是持续动作动词，它表示一个一直持续到现在或过去某时的动作。 a . 常见的可接不定式完成体的动词有： happen / see / appear / prove / pretend / seem , etc . He seemed to have lived a happy life . 他似乎一直过得很幸福。 (他的幸福生活一直持续到现在 ) b . 常见的可用于 “主语 + be said + to have done / been”相当于主动句 “People say + that” 结构的句型有： be said / reported / thought / supposed / expected / believed / considered / known 等。如： Her husband is said to have given up smoking .  据说她丈夫已经戒烟了。  (“戒烟”发生在 “据说”之前  ) The girl is reported  to have been  a League member for five years . 据报道那姑娘入团已经  5 年了。  (不定式表示谓语动作前所处的状态  ) c . 常见的可接不定式完成体的形容词有 glad / happy / sad / disappointed / satisfied / sorry / surprised 等。如： Im sorry to have given you so much trouble . 对不起，给你带来了那么多麻烦。 比较下面不定式的一般时和完成时的区别： Im happy to have seen you . 见到你很高兴。 (分手时说 ) Im happy to see you . 见到你很高兴。 (见面时说 ) Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute . 对不起，要请你等会儿。  (说话时还未等  ) Im sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time . 对不起，让你久等了。 (说话时已经等了很久 ) be + 不定式完成时态表示该做或想做但未做的动作。如： You were to have arrived there early that day . 那天你们应该早点到那儿。 (但你们晚到 了) I was to have helped him then . but I was too busy . 当时我本想帮他的忙， 可我太忙了。(未帮他的忙 ) 3) 表示“意图，打算”之意的动词如 hope , wish , expect , think , suppose , want , plan , agree , mean , try 等用过去时，又后接不定式完成式作宾语时，表示想做而未做的事情。这 种意义也可用这类词的“过去完成时 +不定式的一般式”表达。如： We wished to have put out the fire in thirty minutes . (=We  had wished to put ? )  我 们本打算半小时就把火扑灭的。 (结果没有 ) The engineers planned to have removed the temple before the dam was completed . (= The engineers had planned to remove the ? ) 工程师们本决定大坝建成之前把那座寺庙移走的。 (结果没有 ) 2 . 动词不定式的完成进行体 动词不定式的完成进行体表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前，构与不定式的完成体类似。如：  并一直在进行着。 其结 He is said to have been translating Luxuns works into English . 据说他一直把鲁迅的著作 译成英文。 (现仍然在译 ) She seems to have been teaching in that school for fifteen years . 她似乎已经在那所学校 教了 15 年书了。 (仍在教，强调继续教 ) The kind-hearted millionaire is very happy to have been helping the poor . 那个善良的富翁 ( ) We supposed to have been living h